Carolina H Y Ling1,2,3, Jacobijn Gussekloo2, Stella Trompet2, Carel G M Meskers4, Andrea B Maier5,6. 1. Internal Medicine Department, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, Australia. 2. Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 4. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, de Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 5. Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.b.maier@vu.nl. 6. Department of Medicine and Aged Care,, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. a.b.maier@vu.nl.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Age-related decline in muscle strength, dynapenia, is linked to serious adverse health outcomes. Evidence on the determinants of muscle strength decline in the oldest old is lacking. AIMS: To identify clinical variables associated with handgrip strength and its change over a 4-year period in an oldest old cohort. METHODS: We included 555 participants from the Leiden 85-plus Study, a prospective population-based study of 85-year-old inhabitants of Leiden, the Netherlands. Handgrip strength was assessed at age 85 and 89 years. Anthropometry, mental status, functional performance, and biochemical variables were obtained at baselines. Significant univariates were included into multivariable regression models to extract the final predictive variables. RESULTS: Handgrip strength for men and women at age 85 years was 30.6 kg (SD 8.2) and 18.7 kg (SD, 5.5), respectively. In the cross-sectional analysis, body height and weight were positively associated with handgrip strength in both genders. Higher functional performance was associated with stronger handgrip strength in women. Mean absolute handgrip strength decline over 4 years was greater for men than women (- 6.1 kg (SD, 5.2) vs. - 3.4 kg (SD, 4.1), p < 0.001). Men with better baseline cognitive functioning had smaller decline in handgrip strength. CONCLUSIONS: This study further strengthens evidence linking functional and cognitive performances to muscle strength in the oldest old. Future research is needed to ascertain causality and determine if these markers represent potential targets for intervention.
BACKGROUND:Age-related decline in muscle strength, dynapenia, is linked to serious adverse health outcomes. Evidence on the determinants of muscle strength decline in the oldest old is lacking. AIMS: To identify clinical variables associated with handgrip strength and its change over a 4-year period in an oldest old cohort. METHODS: We included 555 participants from the Leiden 85-plus Study, a prospective population-based study of 85-year-old inhabitants of Leiden, the Netherlands. Handgrip strength was assessed at age 85 and 89 years. Anthropometry, mental status, functional performance, and biochemical variables were obtained at baselines. Significant univariates were included into multivariable regression models to extract the final predictive variables. RESULTS: Handgrip strength for men and women at age 85 years was 30.6 kg (SD 8.2) and 18.7 kg (SD, 5.5), respectively. In the cross-sectional analysis, body height and weight were positively associated with handgrip strength in both genders. Higher functional performance was associated with stronger handgrip strength in women. Mean absolute handgrip strength decline over 4 years was greater for men than women (- 6.1 kg (SD, 5.2) vs. - 3.4 kg (SD, 4.1), p < 0.001). Men with better baseline cognitive functioning had smaller decline in handgrip strength. CONCLUSIONS: This study further strengthens evidence linking functional and cognitive performances to muscle strength in the oldest old. Future research is needed to ascertain causality and determine if these markers represent potential targets for intervention.
Entities:
Keywords:
Cognitive function; Muscle strength; Physical fitness; Sex differences
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