Geurt Van de Glind1,2, Christoffer Brynte3, Arvid Skutle4, Sharlene Kaye5, Maija Konstenius3, Frances Levin6, Frieda Mathys7, Zsolt Demetrovics8, Franz Moggi9, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga10,11,12,13, Arnt Schellekens14, Cleo Crunelle15, Geert Dom16, Wim van den Brink17, Johan Franck3. 1. Director ICASA Foundation, Radboud University Medical Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, g.vandeglind@adhdandsubstanceabuse.org. 2. Teacher at Bachelor School of Nursing, Institute for Nursing Studies, University of Applied Science, Utrecht, The Netherlands, g.vandeglind@adhdandsubstanceabuse.org. 3. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 4. Psykologkontoret, Bergen, Norway. 5. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 6. Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA. 7. Department of psychiatry University Hospital Brussels, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium. 8. Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. 9. Clinical Psychological Service, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bern, Switzerland. 10. Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. 11. Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. 12. Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain. 13. Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 14. Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 15. Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brussels (UZ Jette), Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. 16. Antwerp University & Hospital, Addiction Psychiatry, Psychiatric Center Alexian Brothers, Antwerp, Belgium. 17. Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA) is a network of 28 centers from 16 countries initiated to investigate the link between attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorder (SUD). In this article, we present the mission, the results of finished studies, and the current and future research projects of ICASA. METHODS: During the past 10 years, 3 cross-sectional studies were conducted: two International ADHD in Substance use disorders Prevalence (IASP-1 and IASP-2) studies, directed at the screening, diagnosis, and the prevalence of adult ADHD in treatment-seeking patients with SUD, and the Continuous performance test for ADHD in SUD Patients (CASP) study, testing a novel continuous performance test in SUD patients with and without adult ADHD. Recently, the prospective International Naturalistic Cohort Study of ADHD and Substance Use Disorders (INCAS) was initiated, directed at treatment provision and treatment outcome in SUD patients with adult ADHD. RESULTS: The IASP studies have shown that approximately 1 in 6 adult treatment-seeking SUD patients also have ADHD. In addition, those SUD patients with adult ADHD compared to SUD patients without ADHD report more childhood trauma exposure, slower infant development, greater problems controlling their temperament, and lower educational attainment. Comorbid patients also reported more risk-taking behavior, and a higher rate of other psychiatric disorders compared to SUD patients without ADHD. Screening, diagnosis, and treatment of this patient group are possible even before abstinence has been achieved. The results of the CASP study are reported separately in this special issue. CONCLUSIONS: The ICASA research to date has demonstrated a high prevalence of comorbid ADHD and SUD, associated with elevated rates of additional comorbidities and risk factors for adverse outcomes. More research is needed to find the best way to treat these patients, which is the main topic of the ongoing INCAS study.
BACKGROUND: The International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA) is a network of 28 centers from 16 countries initiated to investigate the link between attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorder (SUD). In this article, we present the mission, the results of finished studies, and the current and future research projects of ICASA. METHODS: During the past 10 years, 3 cross-sectional studies were conducted: two International ADHD in Substance use disorders Prevalence (IASP-1 and IASP-2) studies, directed at the screening, diagnosis, and the prevalence of adult ADHD in treatment-seeking patients with SUD, and the Continuous performance test for ADHD in SUD Patients (CASP) study, testing a novel continuous performance test in SUD patients with and without adult ADHD. Recently, the prospective International Naturalistic Cohort Study of ADHD and Substance Use Disorders (INCAS) was initiated, directed at treatment provision and treatment outcome in SUD patients with adult ADHD. RESULTS: The IASP studies have shown that approximately 1 in 6 adult treatment-seeking SUD patients also have ADHD. In addition, those SUD patients with adult ADHD compared to SUD patients without ADHD report more childhood trauma exposure, slower infant development, greater problems controlling their temperament, and lower educational attainment. Comorbid patients also reported more risk-taking behavior, and a higher rate of other psychiatric disorders compared to SUD patients without ADHD. Screening, diagnosis, and treatment of this patient group are possible even before abstinence has been achieved. The results of the CASP study are reported separately in this special issue. CONCLUSIONS: The ICASA research to date has demonstrated a high prevalence of comorbid ADHD and SUD, associated with elevated rates of additional comorbidities and risk factors for adverse outcomes. More research is needed to find the best way to treat these patients, which is the main topic of the ongoing INCAS study.
Authors: Rafael A González; María C Vélez-Pastrana; Matthijs Blankers; Amanda Bäcker; Maija Konstenius; Martin Holtmann; Frances R Levin; Moritz Noack; Sharlene Kaye; Zsolt Demetrovics; Geurt van de Glind; Wim van den Brink; Arnt Schellekens Journal: Eur Addict Res Date: 2020-06-26 Impact factor: 3.015
Authors: Geurt van de Glind; Katelijne Van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen; Pieter Jan Carpentier; Frances R Levin; Maarten W J Koeter; Csaba Barta; Sharlene Kaye; Arvid Skutle; Johan Franck; Maija Konstenius; Eli-Torild Bu; Franz Moggi; Geert Dom; Zolt Demetrovics; Mélina Fatséas; Arild Schillinger; Máté Kapitány-Fövény; Sofie Verspreet; Andrea Seitz; Brian Johnson; Stephen V Faraone; J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga; Steve Allsop; Susan Carruthers; Robert A Schoevers; Wim van den Brink Journal: Int J Methods Psychiatr Res Date: 2013-09-11 Impact factor: 4.035
Authors: Katelijne van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen; Geurt van de Glind; Maarten W J Koeter; Steve Allsop; Marc Auriacombe; Csaba Barta; Eli Torild H Bu; Yuliya Burren; Pieter-Jan Carpentier; Susan Carruthers; Miguel Casas; Zsolt Demetrovics; Geert Dom; Stephen V Faraone; Melina Fatseas; Johan Franck; Brian Johnson; Máté Kapitány-Fövény; Sharlene Kaye; Maija Konstenius; Frances R Levin; Franz Moggi; Merete Møller; J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga; Arild Schillinger; Arvid Skutle; Sofie Verspreet; Wim van den Brink; Robert A Schoevers Journal: Addiction Date: 2013-11-20 Impact factor: 6.526
Authors: Natalie C Sánchez-García; Rafael A González; Josep A Ramos-Quiroga; Wim van den Brink; Mathias Luderer; Matthijs Blankers; Lara Grau-Lopez; Frances R Levin; Sharlene Kaye; Zsolt Demetrovics; Geurt van de Glind; Arnt Schellekens; María C Vélez-Pastrana Journal: Eur Addict Res Date: 2020-06-19 Impact factor: 3.015
Authors: C L Crunelle; W van den Brink; A Schellekens; G van de Glind; Belgisch/Nederlands Icasa Consortium; F Matthys Journal: Tijdschr Psychiatr Date: 2019
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