Berenice Rivera-Paredez1, Leticia Torres-Ibarra2, Romina González-Morales2, Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutiérrez2, Rubí Hernández-López3, Paula Ramírez4, Leith León-Maldonado5, Rafael Velázquez-Cruz6, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez7, Jorge Salmerón1. 1. Center for Research in Policies, Population and Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico. 2. Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico. 3. Subgerencia Técnica del Plan de Salud, Gerencia de Administración del Plan de Salud, Dirección General de Administración, Banco de México, Mexico City, Mexico. 4. Epidemiological Research and Health Services Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Cuernavaca, Mexico. 5. CONACYT-Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico. 6. Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico. 7. Health and Nutrition Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance (IR) is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and other cardiometabolic diseases. Recent studies suggest that soft drink consumption could increase IR. However, inconsistent findings have been observed. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to estimate the association between the cumulative consumption of soft drinks and IR by means of the HOMA-IR in Mexican adults. METHODS: We analyzed the association between cumulative consumption of soft drinks and HOMA-IR change after 7 y of follow-up in participants (n = 1073) of the Health Workers Cohort Study. Soft drink consumption was estimated by food-frequency questionnaires. Insulin was measured by chemiluminescence, and fasting glucose was measured with the enzymatic colorimetric method. HOMA-IR was computed as fasting insulin (mIU/L) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)/22.5. To assess the relation between cumulative soft drink consumption and HOMA-IR change, we performed robust linear regression models. Additionally, we used fixed-effects models to estimate the association between changes in soft drink consumption and change in HOMA-IR. RESULTS: At baseline, the average age was 44 y. Mean cumulative soft drink consumption was 0.42 servings/d. Median HOMA-IR increased from 1.5 at baseline to 2.0 at follow-up. Soft drink consumption was positively associated with HOMA-IR change. In the multiple linear regression analysis, for each increase in the consumption of 2 (355 mL) soft drinks/d, the average change between baseline and follow-up HOMA-IR showed an increase of 1.11 units (95% CI: 0.74, 1.48). CONCLUSIONS: Our data support the hypothesis that, in Mexican adults, a higher soft drink consumption is associated with an increase in HOMA-IR, despite known risk factors. These findings support the need for reinforcing policies to reduce soft drink consumption in our population.
BACKGROUND:Insulin resistance (IR) is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and other cardiometabolic diseases. Recent studies suggest that soft drink consumption could increase IR. However, inconsistent findings have been observed. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to estimate the association between the cumulative consumption of soft drinks and IR by means of the HOMA-IR in Mexican adults. METHODS: We analyzed the association between cumulative consumption of soft drinks and HOMA-IR change after 7 y of follow-up in participants (n = 1073) of the Health Workers Cohort Study. Soft drink consumption was estimated by food-frequency questionnaires. Insulin was measured by chemiluminescence, and fasting glucose was measured with the enzymatic colorimetric method. HOMA-IR was computed as fasting insulin (mIU/L) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)/22.5. To assess the relation between cumulative soft drink consumption and HOMA-IR change, we performed robust linear regression models. Additionally, we used fixed-effects models to estimate the association between changes in soft drink consumption and change in HOMA-IR. RESULTS: At baseline, the average age was 44 y. Mean cumulative soft drink consumption was 0.42 servings/d. Median HOMA-IR increased from 1.5 at baseline to 2.0 at follow-up. Soft drink consumption was positively associated with HOMA-IR change. In the multiple linear regression analysis, for each increase in the consumption of 2 (355 mL) soft drinks/d, the average change between baseline and follow-up HOMA-IR showed an increase of 1.11 units (95% CI: 0.74, 1.48). CONCLUSIONS: Our data support the hypothesis that, in Mexican adults, a higher soft drink consumption is associated with an increase in HOMA-IR, despite known risk factors. These findings support the need for reinforcing policies to reduce soft drink consumption in our population.
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