Guoqi Yu1, Junjie Ao1, Jing Cai2, Zhongcheng Luo1, Randall Martin3, Aaron van Donkelaar3, Haidong Kan4, Jun Zhang5. 1. Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China. 2. School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. 3. Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, 6300 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3J5, Canada. 4. School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. Electronic address: kanh@fudan.edu.cn. 5. Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China. Electronic address: junjimzhang@sina.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ambient air pollution has been linked to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, previous studies provided inconsistent findings and no study has examined the effects of complex chemical constituents of the particular matter on GDM, especially in developing countries. Therefore, we aim to investigate the associations of exposure to PM2.5 (particular matter ≤ 2.5 μm) and its constituents with GDM, and to identify susceptible exposure window in a large survey in China. METHODS: The China Labor and Delivery Survey was a cross-sectional investigation conducted in 24 provinces in China between 2015 and 2016. A random sample of all deliveries in each participating hospital was selected and detailed obstetric and newborn information was extracted from medical records. Average concentrations of PM2.5 and six constituents (organic matter, black carbon, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and soil dust) were estimated (1 km × 1 km) using a combined geoscience-statistical model. GDM was diagnosed based on an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation and according to IADPSG criteria. Generalized linear mixed models were used to adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS: A total of 54,517 subjects from 55 hospitals were included. The incidence of GDM was 10.8%. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 exposure in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy was associated with an increased GDM risk in the single pollutant model, [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.11 and 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.22]. Exposure to organic matter (aOR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.05-1.23), black carbon (aOR = 1.15; 95%CI: 1.07-1.25) and nitrate (aOR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.02-1.24) during 2nd trimester were associated with increased risks of GDM. Associations between constituents and GDM were robust after controlling for total PM2.5 mass and accounting for multi-collinearity. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to PM2.5 in 2nd trimester of pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of GDM. Organic matter, black carbon and nitrate may be the main culprits for the association.
BACKGROUND: Ambient air pollution has been linked to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, previous studies provided inconsistent findings and no study has examined the effects of complex chemical constituents of the particular matter on GDM, especially in developing countries. Therefore, we aim to investigate the associations of exposure to PM2.5 (particular matter ≤ 2.5 μm) and its constituents with GDM, and to identify susceptible exposure window in a large survey in China. METHODS: The China Labor and Delivery Survey was a cross-sectional investigation conducted in 24 provinces in China between 2015 and 2016. A random sample of all deliveries in each participating hospital was selected and detailed obstetric and newborn information was extracted from medical records. Average concentrations of PM2.5 and six constituents (organic matter, black carbon, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and soil dust) were estimated (1 km × 1 km) using a combined geoscience-statistical model. GDM was diagnosed based on an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation and according to IADPSG criteria. Generalized linear mixed models were used to adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS: A total of 54,517 subjects from 55 hospitals were included. The incidence of GDM was 10.8%. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 exposure in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy was associated with an increased GDM risk in the single pollutant model, [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.11 and 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.22]. Exposure to organic matter (aOR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.05-1.23), black carbon (aOR = 1.15; 95%CI: 1.07-1.25) and nitrate (aOR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.02-1.24) during 2nd trimester were associated with increased risks of GDM. Associations between constituents and GDM were robust after controlling for total PM2.5 mass and accounting for multi-collinearity. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to PM2.5 in 2nd trimester of pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of GDM. Organic matter, black carbon and nitrate may be the main culprits for the association.
Authors: Yi Sun; Xia Li; Tarik Benmarhnia; Jiu-Chiuan Chen; Chantal Avila; David A Sacks; Vicki Chiu; Jeff Slezak; John Molitor; Darios Getahun; Jun Wu Journal: Environ Int Date: 2021-09-24 Impact factor: 13.352
Authors: Amal Rammah; Kristina W Whitworth; Christopher I Amos; Marisa Estarlich; Mònica Guxens; Jesús Ibarluzea; Carmen Iñiguez; Mikel Subiza-Pérez; Martine Vrijheid; Elaine Symanski Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-09-04 Impact factor: 3.390