Seongmun Jeong1, Jae-Yoon Kim1,2, Youngbum Cho1,2, Sang Baek Koh3,4, Namshin Kim5,6, Jung Ran Choi7. 1. Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea. 2. Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea. 3. Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea. 4. Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea. 5. Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea. n@rna.kr. 6. Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea. n@rna.kr. 7. Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea. christinae@yonsei.ac.kr.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Excessive dietary salt intake is associated with an increased risk of hypertension. Salt sensitivity, i.e., an elevation in blood pressure in response to high dietary salt intake, has been associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. We investigated whether a causal association exists between dietary sodium intake and hypertension risk using Mendelian randomization (MR). RECENT FINDINGS: We performed an MR study using data from a large genome-wide association study comprising 15,034 Korean adults in a community-based cohort study. A total of 1282 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with dietary sodium intake, such as rs2960306, rs4343, and rs1937671, were selected as instrumental variables. The inverse variance weighted method was used to assess the evidence for causality. Higher dietary sodium intake was associated with salt-sensitive hypertension risk. The variants of SLC8E1 rs2241543 and ADD1 rs16843589 were strongly associated with increased blood pressure. In the logistic regression model, after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, drinking, exercise, and body mass index, the GRK4 rs2960306TT genotype was inversely associated with hypertension risk (OR, 0.356; 95% CI, 0.236-0.476). However, the 2350GG genotype (ACE rs4343) exhibited a 2.11-fold increased hypertension risk (OR, 2.114; 95% CI, 2.004-2.224) relative to carriers of the 2350AA genotype, after adjusting for confounders. MR analysis revealed that the odds ratio for hypertension per 1 mg/day increment of dietary sodium intake was 2.24 in participants with the PRKG1 rs12414562 AA genotype. Our findings suggest that dietary sodium intake may be causally associated with hypertension risk.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Excessive dietary salt intake is associated with an increased risk of hypertension. Salt sensitivity, i.e., an elevation in blood pressure in response to high dietary salt intake, has been associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. We investigated whether a causal association exists between dietary sodium intake and hypertension risk using Mendelian randomization (MR). RECENT FINDINGS: We performed an MR study using data from a large genome-wide association study comprising 15,034 Korean adults in a community-based cohort study. A total of 1282 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with dietary sodium intake, such as rs2960306, rs4343, and rs1937671, were selected as instrumental variables. The inverse variance weighted method was used to assess the evidence for causality. Higher dietary sodium intake was associated with salt-sensitive hypertension risk. The variants of SLC8E1 rs2241543 and ADD1rs16843589 were strongly associated with increased blood pressure. In the logistic regression model, after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, drinking, exercise, and body mass index, the GRK4 rs2960306TT genotype was inversely associated with hypertension risk (OR, 0.356; 95% CI, 0.236-0.476). However, the 2350GG genotype (ACErs4343) exhibited a 2.11-fold increased hypertension risk (OR, 2.114; 95% CI, 2.004-2.224) relative to carriers of the 2350AA genotype, after adjusting for confounders. MR analysis revealed that the odds ratio for hypertension per 1 mg/day increment of dietary sodium intake was 2.24 in participants with the PRKG1rs12414562 AA genotype. Our findings suggest that dietary sodium intake may be causally associated with hypertension risk.
Authors: Robin A Felder; John J Gildea; Peng Xu; Wei Yue; Ines Armando; Robert M Carey; Pedro A Jose Journal: Curr Hypertens Rep Date: 2022-06-16 Impact factor: 4.592
Authors: Danielle Belardo; Erin D Michos; Ron Blankstein; Roger S Blumenthal; Keith C Ferdinand; Kevin Hall; Kevin Klatt; Pradeep Natajaran; Robert J Ostfeld; Koushik Reddy; Renee Rodriguez; Urshila Sriram; Deirdre K Tobias; Martha Gulati Journal: Am J Prev Cardiol Date: 2022-03-02