Helen Baldwin1, Nina Biehal2, Victoria Allgar3, Linda Cusworth4, Kate Pickett5. 1. Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, England, United Kingdom. Electronic address: helen.baldwin@york.ac.uk. 2. Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, England, United Kingdom. Electronic address: nina.biehal@york.ac.uk. 3. Department of Health Sciences, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, England, United Kingdom. Electronic address: victoria.allgar@hyms.ac.uk. 4. Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, England, United Kingdom. Electronic address: l.cusworth@lancaster.ac.uk. 5. Department of Health Sciences, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, England, United Kingdom. Electronic address: kate.pickett@york.ac.uk.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Understanding the risk factors for child maltreatment is critical to efforts to reduce its prevalence. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the association between characteristics and circumstances of mothers during pregnancy and the subsequent identification of concerns about child maltreatment. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: The study drew on two data sets: (i) data from questionnaires administered to the expectant mothers of 11,332 children born in a deprived multi-ethnic local authority in England between 2007 and 2011, for a birth cohort study, and (ii) administrative data on children referred to child welfare services. METHODS: The linkage of these two pre-existing data sets enabled the prospective study of risk factors for child maltreatment. RESULTS: A range of factors captured during the antenatal period were associated with an increased likelihood of subsequent recorded child maltreatment concerns, including: younger maternal age (HR=0.96; p < .001), lower maternal education level (HR=1.36; p < .001), maternal mental illness (HR=1.17; p = .001), maternal smoking in pregnancy (HR=1.69; p < .001), single motherhood (HR=1.41; p = .022), larger family size (HR=1.13; p < .001), multiple deprivation (HR=1.01; p = .011), social housing (HR=1.72; p < .001), paternal unemployment (HR=1.79; p < .001), and the receipt of means-tested welfare benefits (HR=1.43; p < .001). A greater total number of risk factors during pregnancy also increased the risk of subsequent maltreatment concerns (HR=1.45; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The identification of multiple risk factors in this study supports claims that single targeted interventions are unlikely to be successful in preventing or reducing child maltreatment due to its multifactorial nature, and that multidimensional interventions are required.
BACKGROUND: Understanding the risk factors for child maltreatment is critical to efforts to reduce its prevalence. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the association between characteristics and circumstances of mothers during pregnancy and the subsequent identification of concerns about child maltreatment. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: The study drew on two data sets: (i) data from questionnaires administered to the expectant mothers of 11,332 children born in a deprived multi-ethnic local authority in England between 2007 and 2011, for a birth cohort study, and (ii) administrative data on children referred to child welfare services. METHODS: The linkage of these two pre-existing data sets enabled the prospective study of risk factors for child maltreatment. RESULTS: A range of factors captured during the antenatal period were associated with an increased likelihood of subsequent recorded child maltreatment concerns, including: younger maternal age (HR=0.96; p < .001), lower maternal education level (HR=1.36; p < .001), maternal mental illness (HR=1.17; p = .001), maternal smoking in pregnancy (HR=1.69; p < .001), single motherhood (HR=1.41; p = .022), larger family size (HR=1.13; p < .001), multiple deprivation (HR=1.01; p = .011), social housing (HR=1.72; p < .001), paternal unemployment (HR=1.79; p < .001), and the receipt of means-tested welfare benefits (HR=1.43; p < .001). A greater total number of risk factors during pregnancy also increased the risk of subsequent maltreatment concerns (HR=1.45; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The identification of multiple risk factors in this study supports claims that single targeted interventions are unlikely to be successful in preventing or reducing child maltreatment due to its multifactorial nature, and that multidimensional interventions are required.
Authors: Francesco Craig; Eleonora Mascheroni; Roberto Giorda; Maria Grazia Felline; Maria Grazia Bacco; Annalisa Castagna; Flaviana Tenuta; Marco Villa; Angela Costabile; Antonio Trabacca; Rosario Montirosso Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-12-02 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: L J Griffiths; R D Johnson; K Broadhurst; S Bedston; L Cusworth; B Alrouh; D V Ford; A John Journal: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth Date: 2020-11-16 Impact factor: 3.007