R Bruggink1,2, F Baan3,4, G J C Kramer5, A M Kuijpers-Jagtman6,7,8, S J Bergé9,10, T J J Maal4,9, E M Ongkosuwito3,10. 1. Department of Dentistry - Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. orthodontie@radboudumc.nl. 2. 3D Lab Radboudumc, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. orthodontie@radboudumc.nl. 3. Department of Dentistry - Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 4. 3D Lab Radboudumc, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 5. Alkmaarse Orthodontisten, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Wilhelminalaan 12, 1815 JB, Alkmaar, The Netherlands. 6. Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands. 7. Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine/Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 4, 3012, Bern, Switzerland. 8. Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. 9. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 10. Amalia Cleft And Craniofacial Centre, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to quantify the symmetry of the alveolar process of the maxilla and palate during the first year of life in healthy infants with the help of a semiautomatic segmentation technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Maxillary plaster models of seventy healthy babies at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months were collected and digitized. A semiautomatic segmentation tool was used to extract the alveolus and palate. The resulting model was aligned within a reference frame and mirrored on its medial plane. Distance maps were created and analyzed to compare and quantify the differences between the two hemispheres. Additional hemispherical width and area measurements were performed. An ANOVA test with additional post hoc tests was performed to check if the symmetry changed during development. Finally, the results were tested on intra- and interobserver variability. RESULTS: The absolute mean inter-surface distance between the original and mirrored models in each age group ranged between 0.23 and 0.30 mm. Width and area analysis showed a small but significant larger left palatal hemisphere. ANOVA and post hoc tests showed no significant difference in symmetry between groups. Reliability analysis showed no significant differences between observers. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that in this infant population, only a small degree of palatal asymmetry was present, which can be considered as normal and clinically irrelevant. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The data from this study can be used in future comparative studies as reference data. Furthermore, modeling of these data can help in predicting the growth pattern, which may lead to improved treatment protocols for children with craniofacial anomalies.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to quantify the symmetry of the alveolar process of the maxilla and palate during the first year of life in healthy infants with the help of a semiautomatic segmentation technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Maxillary plaster models of seventy healthy babies at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months were collected and digitized. A semiautomatic segmentation tool was used to extract the alveolus and palate. The resulting model was aligned within a reference frame and mirrored on its medial plane. Distance maps were created and analyzed to compare and quantify the differences between the two hemispheres. Additional hemispherical width and area measurements were performed. An ANOVA test with additional post hoc tests was performed to check if the symmetry changed during development. Finally, the results were tested on intra- and interobserver variability. RESULTS: The absolute mean inter-surface distance between the original and mirrored models in each age group ranged between 0.23 and 0.30 mm. Width and area analysis showed a small but significant larger left palatal hemisphere. ANOVA and post hoc tests showed no significant difference in symmetry between groups. Reliability analysis showed no significant differences between observers. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that in this infant population, only a small degree of palatal asymmetry was present, which can be considered as normal and clinically irrelevant. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The data from this study can be used in future comparative studies as reference data. Furthermore, modeling of these data can help in predicting the growth pattern, which may lead to improved treatment protocols for children with craniofacial anomalies.
Authors: R Bruggink; F Baan; G J C Kramer; T J J Maal; A M Kuijpers-Jagtman; S J Bergé; E M Bronkhorst; E M Ongkosuwito Journal: Clin Oral Investig Date: 2019-01-11 Impact factor: 3.573