Xin Xu1, Nitin Shivappa2,3. 1. Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. drxuxin@zju.edu.cn. 2. Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA. 3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Previous studies have provided limited evidence for an adverse effect of high glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) on bladder cancer risk. This study aimed to examine the association between GI, GL and bladder cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening Trial. METHODS: GI and GL scores were computed among 101,721 participants in the PLCO study. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression model adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: After a median of 12.5 years of follow-up, 776 incident bladder cancer cases occurred. There was no significant association between bladder cancer risk and GI (HRQ5vsQ1 = 1.18, 95% CI 0.94-1.48, p for trend = 0.177) or GL (HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.92, 95% CI 0.65-1.30, p for trend = 0.826). The associations did not differ by continuous analyses. Spline regression plots revealed a lower risk of bladder cancer with higher GI or GL, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no statistical evidence for nonlinearity (P for nonlinearity > 0.05). CONCLUSION: In summary, analysis of the PLCO cohort did not provide evidence that higher GI or GL diets were associated with greater bladder cancer risk.
PURPOSE: Previous studies have provided limited evidence for an adverse effect of high glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) on bladder cancer risk. This study aimed to examine the association between GI, GL and bladder cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening Trial. METHODS: GI and GL scores were computed among 101,721 participants in the PLCO study. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression model adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: After a median of 12.5 years of follow-up, 776 incident bladder cancer cases occurred. There was no significant association between bladder cancer risk and GI (HRQ5vsQ1 = 1.18, 95% CI 0.94-1.48, p for trend = 0.177) or GL (HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.92, 95% CI 0.65-1.30, p for trend = 0.826). The associations did not differ by continuous analyses. Spline regression plots revealed a lower risk of bladder cancer with higher GI or GL, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no statistical evidence for nonlinearity (P for nonlinearity > 0.05). CONCLUSION: In summary, analysis of the PLCO cohort did not provide evidence that higher GI or GL diets were associated with greater bladder cancer risk.
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