Estimation of Magnetic Anisotropy of Individual Magnetite Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia.

Ideal interaction-free magnetite nanoparticles were prepared, and their magnetic properties were measured to clarify the true nature of magnetic anisotropy of individual magnetite nanoparticles at the nanoscale and to analyze the shape, surface, and crystalline anisotropy contributions. Spherical (17.7 nm), cubic (10.6 nm), and octahedral-shaped magnetite nanoparticles with average sizes ranging from 7.6 to 23.4 nm were synthesized using solution techniques. Then, these nanoparticles were coated with silica at appropriate shell thicknesses to prepare magnetic interaction-free samples, and their noninteractive nature was confirmed through first-order reversal curve diagrams. For these well-isolated nanoparticles, remanent magnetizations of the hysteresis loops are just equal to a half of the saturation magnetization. This result clearly indicates that uniaxial magnetic anisotropy is predominant in each nanoparticle. In order to clarify the details of the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, the analysis of blocking temperature-switching field distribution diagrams is constructed based on thermal decay curves of isothermal remanent magnetization at various applied fields. The obtained effective magnetic anisotropy constant Keff is distributed around 10-20 kJ/m3 and has insignificant size dependence. This result seems inconsistent with the inverse proportion relation of Keff with size predicted for surface magnetic anisotropy. The theoretical calculation suggested that the crystalline magnetic anisotropy plays a major role in magnetic properties of the magnetite nanoparticles at lower temperatures. However, it should be noted that Keff seems slightly different for the different shapes. The above study indicates that control size, shape, and interparticle interactions is required to strictly discuss such delicate differences of magnetic anisotropy of individual magnetite nanoparticles for the design of thermal seeds for magnetic hyperthermia.