Monika Sood1, Dhriti Kapoor1, Vipul Kumar2, Mohamed S Sheteiwy3, Muthusamy Ramakrishnan4, Marco Landi5,6, Fabrizio Araniti7, Anket Sharma4. 1. School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India. 2. School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Delhi-Jalandhar Highway, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India. 3. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt. 4. State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China. 5. Department of Agriculture, University of Pisa, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. 6. CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. 7. Dipartimento AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, SNC I-89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
Abstract
The plant-Trichoderma-pathogen triangle is a complicated web of numerous processes. Trichoderma spp. are avirulent opportunistic plant symbionts. In addition to being successful plant symbiotic organisms, Trichoderma spp. also behave as a low cost, effective and ecofriendly biocontrol agent. They can set themselves up in various patho-systems, have minimal impact on the soil equilibrium and do not impair useful organisms that contribute to the control of pathogens. This symbiotic association in plants leads to the acquisition of plant resistance to pathogens, improves developmental processes and yields and promotes absorption of nutrient and fertilizer use efficiency. Among other biocontrol mechanisms, antibiosis, competition and mycoparasitism are among the main features through which microorganisms, including Thrichoderma, react to the presence of other competitive pathogenic organisms, thereby preventing or obstructing their development. Stimulation of every process involves the biosynthesis of targeted metabolites like plant growth regulators, enzymes, siderophores, antibiotics, etc. This review summarizes the biological control activity exerted by Trichoderma spp. and sheds light on the recent progress in pinpointing the ecological significance of Trichoderma at the biochemical and molecular level in the rhizosphere as well as the benefits of symbiosis to the plant host in terms of physiological and biochemical mechanisms. From an applicative point of view, the evidence provided herein strongly supports the possibility to use Trichoderma as a safe, ecofriendly and effective biocontrol agent for different crop species.
The plant-n class="Species">Trichoderma-pathogen triangle is a complicated web of numerous processes. Trichoderma spp. are avirulent opportunistic plant symbionts. In addition to being successful plant symbiotic organisms, Trichoderma spp. also behave as a low cost, effective and ecofriendly biocontrol agent. They can set themselves up in various patho-systems, have minimal impact on the soil equilibrium and do not impair useful organisms that contribute to the control of pathogens. This symbiotic association in plants leads to the acquisition of plant resistance to pathogens, improves developmental processes and yields and promotes absorption of nutrient and fertilizer use efficiency. Among other biocontrol mechanisms, antibiosis, competition and mycoparasitism are among the main features through which microorganisms, including Thrichoderma, react to the presence of other competitive pathogenic organisms, thereby preventing or obstructing their development. Stimulation of every process involves the biosynthesis of targeted metabolites like plant growth regulators, enzymes, siderophores, antibiotics, etc. This review summarizes the biological control activity exerted by Trichoderma spp. and sheds light on the recent progress in pinpointing the ecological significance of Trichoderma at the biochemical and molecular level in the rhizosphere as well as the benefits of symbiosis to the plant host in terms of physiological and biochemical mechanisms. From an applicative point of view, the evidence provided herein strongly supports the possibility to use Trichoderma as a safe, ecofriendly and effective biocontrol agent for different crop species.
Authors: Ausana Mapook; Kevin D Hyde; Khadija Hassan; Blondelle Matio Kemkuignou; Adéla Čmoková; Frank Surup; Eric Kuhnert; Pathompong Paomephan; Tian Cheng; Sybren de Hoog; Yinggai Song; Ruvishika S Jayawardena; Abdullah M S Al-Hatmi; Tokameh Mahmoudi; Nadia Ponts; Lena Studt-Reinhold; Florence Richard-Forget; K W Thilini Chethana; Dulanjalee L Harishchandra; Peter E Mortimer; Huili Li; Saisamorm Lumyong; Worawoot Aiduang; Jaturong Kumla; Nakarin Suwannarach; Chitrabhanu S Bhunjun; Feng-Ming Yu; Qi Zhao; Doug Schaefer; Marc Stadler Journal: Fungal Divers Date: 2022-09-15 Impact factor: 24.902
Authors: Francisca Jayslane do Rêgo Meneses; Ágda Lorena de Oliveira Lopes; Ingrid Silva Setubal; Vicente Paulo da Costa Neto; Aurenívia Bonifácio Journal: 3 Biotech Date: 2022-08-25 Impact factor: 2.893