Sarah Foster1,2, Paula Hooper3, Mark Divitini4, Matthew Knuiman4, Georgina Trapp4,5. 1. Centre for Urban Research, School of Global, Urban and Social Studies, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia. 2. School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. 3. Australian Urban Design Research Centre, School of Design, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. 4. School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. 5. Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: By specifying a threshold at which the number of liquor licences has the most impact on local populations, authorities can work to restrict licence approvals and help prevent alcohol-related harm. DESIGN AND METHODS: Raine Study Generation 2 participants reported their alcohol intake at 22 years (n = 843) and liquor licences within 1600 m of participants' homes were mapped. Analyses examined associations between licences (all licences, on-premise licences, liquor stores) and alcohol intake (g ethanol per day). Two models were fitted: (i) forced a straight-line relationship; and (ii) allowed a curved relationship via restricted cubic splines. RESULTS: The straight-line and curved models showed significant relationships with all licences (P = 0.002 and P = 0.002 respectively) and on-premise licences (P = 0.006 and P = 0.01 respectively), but not liquor stores (P = 0.065 and P = 0.13 respectively). The straight-line model indicated that alcohol consumption increased, on average, by 0.15 g per day for each additional licence and 0.17 g per day for each additional on-premise licence. The curved model indicated that consumption increased by around 0.4 g per day for each additional licence from 0 to 10, but increases were negligible for additional licences beyond 10. The curved model provided a better overall fit to the data than the straight-line model (R2 9.52% vs. 9.18%), but the improvement in fit did not quite reach statistical significance (P = 0.08). The curvature was similar, but less pronounced for on-premise licences (R2 9.11% vs. 8.95%; P = 0.23). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest a possible saturation point at which additional licences have a smaller effect on the alcohol intake of 22-year-olds living in metropolitan Perth.
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: By specifying a threshold at which the number of liquor licences has the most impact on local populations, authorities can work to restrict licence approvals and help prevent alcohol-related harm. DESIGN AND METHODS: Raine Study Generation 2 participants reported their alcohol intake at 22 years (n = 843) and liquor licences within 1600 m of participants' homes were mapped. Analyses examined associations between licences (all licences, on-premise licences, liquor stores) and alcohol intake (g ethanol per day). Two models were fitted: (i) forced a straight-line relationship; and (ii) allowed a curved relationship via restricted cubic splines. RESULTS: The straight-line and curved models showed significant relationships with all licences (P = 0.002 and P = 0.002 respectively) and on-premise licences (P = 0.006 and P = 0.01 respectively), but not liquor stores (P = 0.065 and P = 0.13 respectively). The straight-line model indicated that alcohol consumption increased, on average, by 0.15 g per day for each additional licence and 0.17 g per day for each additional on-premise licence. The curved model indicated that consumption increased by around 0.4 g per day for each additional licence from 0 to 10, but increases were negligible for additional licences beyond 10. The curved model provided a better overall fit to the data than the straight-line model (R2 9.52% vs. 9.18%), but the improvement in fit did not quite reach statistical significance (P = 0.08). The curvature was similar, but less pronounced for on-premise licences (R2 9.11% vs. 8.95%; P = 0.23). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest a possible saturation point at which additional licences have a smaller effect on the alcohol intake of 22-year-olds living in metropolitan Perth.
Authors: Abd Alghani Khamis; Siti Zuliana Salleh; Mohd Sayuti Ab Karim; Noor Ashikin Mohd Rom; Shamini Janasekaran; Aida Idris; Rusdi Bin Abd Rashid Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-07-01 Impact factor: 4.614