Parotitis due to Burkholderia cepacia infection after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Burkholderia cepacia predominantly causes opportunistic infections in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients such as patients with cystic fibrosis, cancer, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Nonetheless, Burkholderia cepacia is infrequently reported to cause infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. Herein, we report a rare case of suppurative parotitis in a 31-year-old patient with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) who underwent auto-HSCT. The secretion from the Stensen duct was collected, and Burkholderia cepacia was detected using the VITEK-2 identification system. Additionally, sensitive antibiotic therapy against this bacterium was also effective. This is the first case of parotitis triggered by Burkholderia cepacia after auto-HSCT, and it is also the first reported domestic case. This case emphasizes the importance of considering bacterial infections in general and Burkholderia cepacia specifically in HSCT patients with post-transplant parotitis.