Lene Ringholm1,2,3, Elisabeth Buur Stougaard4, Sidse Kjærhus Nørgaard5,6, Peter Damm5,7,8, Elisabeth R Mathiesen5,6,8. 1. Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. lene.ringholm.02@regionh.dk. 2. Department of Endocrinology PE7562, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. lene.ringholm.02@regionh.dk. 3. Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark. lene.ringholm.02@regionh.dk. 4. Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark. 5. Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. 6. Department of Endocrinology PE7562, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. 7. Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. 8. Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide an update on glycemic management of type 1 diabetes during breastfeeding with focus on diet and insulin treatment to prevent hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, and weight retention. Recommendations for insulin pump settings are given. RECENT FINDINGS: Women with type 1 diabetes are encouraged to breastfeed. Hypoglycemia is a concern in the breastfeeding period among women with type 1 diabetes, and ketoacidosis may also occur. The usual goals for glucose values for persons with diabetes also apply during breastfeeding. The recommended minimum daily carbohydrate intake is 210 g during breastfeeding, and this may contribute to prevention of hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis while aiming for gradual weight loss. Insulin requirements are 21% lower during breastfeeding than before pregnancy. Diabetes management in breastfeeding women with type 1 diabetes includes the same goals for glucose values as in other persons with diabetes, sufficient carbohydrate intake, and adequate reduction in insulin dose.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide an update on glycemic management of type 1 diabetes during breastfeeding with focus on diet and insulin treatment to prevent hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, and weight retention. Recommendations for insulin pump settings are given. RECENT FINDINGS:Women with type 1 diabetes are encouraged to breastfeed. Hypoglycemia is a concern in the breastfeeding period among women with type 1 diabetes, and ketoacidosis may also occur. The usual goals for glucose values for persons with diabetes also apply during breastfeeding. The recommended minimum daily carbohydrate intake is 210 g during breastfeeding, and this may contribute to prevention of hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis while aiming for gradual weight loss. Insulin requirements are 21% lower during breastfeeding than before pregnancy. Diabetes management in breastfeeding women with type 1 diabetes includes the same goals for glucose values as in other persons with diabetes, sufficient carbohydrate intake, and adequate reduction in insulin dose.
Entities:
Keywords:
Breastfeeding; Carbohydrate; Hypoglycemia; Ketoacidosis; Type 1 diabetes; Weight retention