Peter K Jonason1,2, Magdalena Żemojtel-Piotrowska2, Jarosław Piotrowski2, Constantine Sedikides3, W Keith Campbell4, Jochen E Gebauer5,6, John Maltby7, Mladen Adamovic8, Byron G Adams9,10,11, Anissa Lestari Kadiyono12, Kokou A Atitsogbe13, Harshalini Y Bundhoo14, Sergiu Bălțătescu15, Snežana Bilić16, Joel Gruneau Brulin17, Phatthanakit Chobthamkit18, Alejandra Del Carmen Dominguez19, Sonya Dragova-Koleva20, Sofián El-Astal21, Carla Sofia Esteves22, Walaa Labib M Eldesoki23,24, Valdiney V Gouveia25, Katherine Gundolf26, Dzintra Ilisko27, Emanuel Jauk28,29, Shanmukh V Kamble30, Narine Khachatryan31, Martina Klicperova-Baker32, Emil Knezovic33, Monika Kovacs34, Xuejun Lei35, Kadi Liik36, Agim Mamuti37, Carlos Rodrigo Moreta-Herrera38, Taciano L Milfont39, Chin Wei Ong40, Evgeny Osin41, Joonha Park42, Boban Petrovic43, Jano Ramos-Diaz44, Goran Ridic33, Abdul Qadir45, Adil Samekin46, Artur Sawicki47, Habib Tiliouine48, Robert Tomsik49, Charles S Umeh50, Kees van den Bos51, Alain Van Hiel10, Osman Uslu52, Anna Wlodarczyk53, Illia Yahiiaev54. 1. University of Padova, Padua, Italy. 2. Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland. 3. University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. 4. University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. 5. University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany. 6. University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 7. University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. 8. Monash Business School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. 9. Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands. 10. Ghent University, Gent, Belgium. 11. University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa. 12. Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia. 13. University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. 14. University of Mauritius, Moka, Mauritius. 15. University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania. 16. International Balkan University, Skopje, North Macedonia. 17. Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. 18. Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand. 19. Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, Mexico. 20. New Bulgarian University, Sofya, Bulgaria. 21. Al-Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza, Palestine. 22. Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal. 23. Menoufia University, Al-Minufya, Egypt. 24. Al-Jouf University in Saudi Arabia, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia. 25. Federal University of Paraiba, Paraiba, Brazil. 26. Montpelier Business School, Montpelier, France. 27. Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia. 28. Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany. 29. University of Graz, Graz, Austria. 30. Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. 31. Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia. 32. Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic. 33. International University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. 34. ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. 35. Lingnan Normal University, Lingnan, China. 36. Tallinn University, Talinn, Estonia. 37. Mother Teresa University, Skopje, North Macedonia. 38. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Ambato, Ecuador. 39. Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. 40. Bangor University, Bangor, UK. 41. National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia. 42. Nagoya University of Commerce and Business School, Nagoya, Japan. 43. Institute for Criminological and Sociological Research, Belgrade, Serbia. 44. Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, Lima, Peru. 45. Independent Researcher, Islamabad, Pakistan. 46. S. Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan. 47. University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland. 48. University of Oran, Oran, Algeria. 49. Research Institute for Child Psychology and Pathopsychology, Nitra, Slovakia. 50. College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria. 51. Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 52. Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey. 53. Universidad Catolica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile. 54. Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The Dark Triad traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) capture individual differences in aversive personality to complement work on other taxonomies, such as the Big Five traits. However, the literature on the Dark Triad traits relies mostly on samples from English-speaking (i.e., Westernized) countries. We broadened the scope of this literature by sampling from a wider array of countries. METHOD: We drew on data from 49 countries (N = 11,723; 65.8% female; AgeMean = 21.53) to examine how an extensive net of country-level variables in economic status (e.g., Human Development Index), social relations (e.g., gender equality), political orientations (e.g., democracy), and cultural values (e.g., embeddedness) relate to country-level rates of the Dark Triad traits, as well as variance in the magnitude of sex differences in them. RESULTS: Narcissism was especially sensitive to country-level variables. Countries with more embedded and hierarchical cultural systems were more narcissistic. Also, sex differences in narcissism were larger in more developed societies: Women were less likely to be narcissistic in developed (vs. less developed) countries. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss the results based on evolutionary and social role models of personality and sex differences. That higher country-level narcissism was more common in less developed countries, whereas sex differences in narcissism were larger in more developed countries, is more consistent with evolutionary than social role models.
OBJECTIVES: The Dark Triad traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) capture individual differences in aversive personality to complement work on other taxonomies, such as the Big Five traits. However, the literature on the Dark Triad traits relies mostly on samples from English-speaking (i.e., Westernized) countries. We broadened the scope of this literature by sampling from a wider array of countries. METHOD: We drew on data from 49 countries (N = 11,723; 65.8% female; AgeMean = 21.53) to examine how an extensive net of country-level variables in economic status (e.g., Human Development Index), social relations (e.g., gender equality), political orientations (e.g., democracy), and cultural values (e.g., embeddedness) relate to country-level rates of the Dark Triad traits, as well as variance in the magnitude of sex differences in them. RESULTS: Narcissism was especially sensitive to country-level variables. Countries with more embedded and hierarchical cultural systems were more narcissistic. Also, sex differences in narcissism were larger in more developed societies: Women were less likely to be narcissistic in developed (vs. less developed) countries. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss the results based on evolutionary and social role models of personality and sex differences. That higher country-level narcissism was more common in less developed countries, whereas sex differences in narcissism were larger in more developed countries, is more consistent with evolutionary than social role models.
Authors: Agata Błachnio; Aneta Przepiórka; Oleg Gorbaniuk; Monika McNeill; Rebecca Bendayan; Mithat Durak; Emre Senol-Durak; Menachem Ben-Ezra; Martina Benvenuti; Alan Angeluci; Ana Maria Abreu; Meiko Makita; María J Blanca; Tihana Brkljacic; Nenad Č Babič; Julia Gorbaniuk; Juraj Holdoš; Ana Ivanova; Sadia Malik; Anita Milanovic; Bojan Musil; Igor Pantic; Belén Rando; Gwendolyn Seidman; Lancy D'Souza; Mariek M P Vanden Abeele; Mariusz Wołońciej; Anise M S Wu; Shu Yu; Elvis Mazzoni Journal: Front Psychol Date: 2021-12-24
Authors: Rodrigo Moreta-Herrera; Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez; Alexandra Salinas; Micaela Jiménez-Borja; Daniel Gavilanes-Gómez; Carlos José Jiménez-Mosquera Journal: Omega (Westport) Date: 2022-07-19