Carlo Biz1, Giacomo Maso2, Enrico Malgarini2, Jacopo Tagliapietra2, Pietro Ruggieri2. 1. Orthopaedic Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padua, Padova, Italy. carlo.biz@unipd.it. 2. Orthopaedic, Traumatological and Oncological Clinic, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, DiSCOG, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2; 35128 Padova, Italy. carlo.biz@unipd.it.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK: hypermobility of the first ray (FRH) began to be considered as a pathological entity from Morton's studies and was associated as a primary cause of hallux valgus (HV ). Currently, this relationship is in discussion, and various authors consider FRH as a consequence of the deformity. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarise the most influential publications relating to First Ray Mobility (FRM) to increase knowledge and promote its conventional assessment during clinical practice. METHODS: papers of the last century were selected to obtain a homogeneous and up-to-date overview of I-MTCJ mobility and HV, as well as their relationship and management. RESULTS: in recent years, FRH was studied from a biomechanical and pathophysiologic point of view. There is still not enough data regarding the aetiology of FRM. The higher rate of instability found in HV lacks an explanation of which is the cause and which is the effect. However, the Lapidus arthrodesis is still a valid method in cases of FRH and HV, even if is not rigorously indicated to treat both. When approaching FRH, radiographic or clinical findings are mandatory for the right diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: FRM is an important factor that must be considered in routine clinical practice and prior and post HV surgery, as much as the conventional parameters assessed. Surgeons should consider performing I-MTCJ arthrodesis only if strictly necessary, also paying attention to soft tissue balancing. Improving the measurement of FRH could be useful to determine if it is a cause or effect of the HV deformity.
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK: hypermobility of the first ray (FRH) began to be considered as a pathological entity from Morton's studies and was associated as a primary cause of hallux valgus (HV ). Currently, this relationship is in discussion, and various authors consider FRH as a consequence of the deformity. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarise the most influential publications relating to First Ray Mobility (FRM) to increase knowledge and promote its conventional assessment during clinical practice. METHODS: papers of the last century were selected to obtain a homogeneous and up-to-date overview of I-MTCJ mobility and HV, as well as their relationship and management. RESULTS: in recent years, FRH was studied from a biomechanical and pathophysiologic point of view. There is still not enough data regarding the aetiology of FRM. The higher rate of instability found in HV lacks an explanation of which is the cause and which is the effect. However, the Lapidus arthrodesis is still a valid method in cases of FRH and HV, even if is not rigorously indicated to treat both. When approaching FRH, radiographic or clinical findings are mandatory for the right diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: FRM is an important factor that must be considered in routine clinical practice and prior and post HV surgery, as much as the conventional parameters assessed. Surgeons should consider performing I-MTCJ arthrodesis only if strictly necessary, also paying attention to soft tissue balancing. Improving the measurement of FRH could be useful to determine if it is a cause or effect of the HV deformity.