A Izquierdo-Domínguez1,2,3, M J Rojas-Lechuga4,5,6, C Chiesa-Estomba7, C Calvo-Henríquez8, E Ninchritz-Becerra7, M Soriano-Reixach7, D Poletti-Serafini9, I M Villarreal10, J M Maza-Solano11, R Moreno-Luna11, P P Villarroel12, B Mateos-Serrano13, D Agudelo14, F Valcarcel15, A Del Cuvillo16, A Santamaría17, F Mariño-Sánchez5,6,17, J Aguilar18, P Vergés19, A Inciarte20, A Soriano20, J Mullol4,5,6, I Alobid2,4,5,6. 1. Department of Allergy, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain. 2. Unidad Alergo Rino, Centro Médico Teknon, Barcelona, Spain. 3. Department of Allergy, Clínica Diagonal, Barcelona, Spain. 4. Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 5. Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain. 6. CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Spain. 7. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain. 8. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. 9. Rhinology Section, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón and Hospital La Milagrosa, Spain. 10. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada and Hospital La Milagrosa, Spain. 11. Rhinology and Skull Base Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Virgen de la Macarena, Seville, Spain. 12. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain. 13. Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Spain. 14. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital de Sant Joan Despí Moisès Broggi, Barcelona, Spain. 15. Rhinology Section, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Bilbao, Spain. 16. Rhinology and asthma Unit, UGC ORL Hospital de Jerez, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Cadiz, Spain. 17. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain. 18. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. 19. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. 20. Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Since the initial anecdotal reports of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from China, a growing number of studies have reported on smell and/or taste dysfunction (STD). Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the frequency and severity of STD in COVID-19 patients and to evaluate the association with demographic characteristics, hospital admission, symptoms, comorbidities, and blood biomarkers. METHODS: We performed a multicenter cross-sectional study on patients who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 (n=846) and controls (n=143) from 15 Spanish hospitals. Data on STD were collected prospectively using an in-person survey. The severity of STD was categorized using a visual analog scale. We analyzed time to onset, recovery rate, time to recovery, hospital admission, pneumonia, comorbidities, smoking, and symptoms. RESULTS: STD was at least 2-fold more common in COVID-19-positive patients than in controls. COVID-19-positive hospitalized patients were older, with a lower frequency of STD, and recovered earlier than outpatients. Analysis stratified by severity of STD showed that more than half of COVID-19 patients presented severe loss of smell (53.7%) or taste (52.2%); both senses were impaired in >90%. In the multivariate analysis, older age (>60 years), being hospitalized, and increased C-reactive protein were associated with a better sense of smell and/or taste. COVID-19-positive patients reported improvement in smell (45.6%) and taste (46.1%) at the time of the survey; in 90.6% this was within 2 weeks of infection. CONCLUSION: STD is a common symptom in COVID-19 and presents mainly in young and nonhospitalized patients. More studies are needed to evaluate follow-up of chemosensory impairment.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Since the initial anecdotal reports of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from China, a growing number of studies have reported on smell and/or taste dysfunction (STD). Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the frequency and severity of STD in COVID-19patients and to evaluate the association with demographic characteristics, hospital admission, symptoms, comorbidities, and blood biomarkers. METHODS: We performed a multicenter cross-sectional study on patients who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 (n=846) and controls (n=143) from 15 Spanish hospitals. Data on STD were collected prospectively using an in-person survey. The severity of STD was categorized using a visual analog scale. We analyzed time to onset, recovery rate, time to recovery, hospital admission, pneumonia, comorbidities, smoking, and symptoms. RESULTS: STD was at least 2-fold more common in COVID-19-positive patients than in controls. COVID-19-positive hospitalized patients were older, with a lower frequency of STD, and recovered earlier than outpatients. Analysis stratified by severity of STD showed that more than half of COVID-19patients presented severe loss of smell (53.7%) or taste (52.2%); both senses were impaired in >90%. In the multivariate analysis, older age (>60 years), being hospitalized, and increased C-reactive protein were associated with a better sense of smell and/or taste. COVID-19-positive patients reported improvement in smell (45.6%) and taste (46.1%) at the time of the survey; in 90.6% this was within 2 weeks of infection. CONCLUSION: STD is a common symptom in COVID-19 and presents mainly in young and nonhospitalized patients. More studies are needed to evaluate follow-up of chemosensory impairment.
Entities:
Keywords:
COVID-19; Hospital admission; Loss of smell; Loss of taste; SARS-CoV-2
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