Ashlesha Kadam1, Tina Jubin1, Rittwika Roychowdhury1, Rasheedunnisa Begum2. 1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India. 2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India. Electronic address: rasheedunnisab@yahoo.co.in.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a well characterised protein that accounts for the majority of PARylation reactions using NAD+ as a substrate, regulating diverse cellular functions. In addition to its nuclear functions, several recent studies have identified localization of PARP-1 in mitochondria and emphasized its possible role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Various reports suggest that nuclear PARP-1 has been implicated in diverse mitochondria-specific communication processes. SCOPE OF REVIEW: The present review emphasizes on the potential role of PARP-1 in mitochondrial processes such as bioenergetics, mtDNA maintenance, cell death and mitophagy. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: The origin of mitochondrial PARP-1 is still an enigma; however researchers are trying to establish the cross-talk between nuclear and mitochondrial PARP-1 and how these PARP-1 pools modulate mitochondrial activity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: A better understanding of the possible role of PARP-1 in mitochondrial homeostasis helps us to explore the potential therapeutic targets to protect mitochondrial dysfunctions.
BACKGROUND: Nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a well characterised protein that accounts for the majority of PARylation reactions using NAD+ as a substrate, regulating diverse cellular functions. In addition to its nuclear functions, several recent studies have identified localization of PARP-1 in mitochondria and emphasized its possible role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Various reports suggest that nuclear PARP-1 has been implicated in diverse mitochondria-specific communication processes. SCOPE OF REVIEW: The present review emphasizes on the potential role of PARP-1 in mitochondrial processes such as bioenergetics, mtDNA maintenance, cell death and mitophagy. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: The origin of mitochondrial PARP-1 is still an enigma; however researchers are trying to establish the cross-talk between nuclear and mitochondrial PARP-1 and how these PARP-1 pools modulate mitochondrial activity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: A better understanding of the possible role of PARP-1 in mitochondrial homeostasis helps us to explore the potential therapeutic targets to protect mitochondrial dysfunctions.