Ires Ghielen1,2, Perrie Koene1,2, Jos Wr Twisk3, Gert Kwakkel4, Odile A van den Heuvel1,2, Erwin Eh van Wegen4. 1. Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 2. Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 3. Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, De Boelelaan 1105, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 4. Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract
Aim: We studied the longitudinal associations between freezing of gait (FoG), fear of falling (FoF) and anxiety, and how these associations are influenced by confounding factors. Materials & methods: We analyzed longitudinal motor and nonmotor measurements from 153 Parkinson's disease patients. Possible confounding factors were divided into three subgroups: demographics, disease characteristics, medication use and adverse effects of medication. Results: All crude associations between FoG, FoF and anxiety were significant and remained so after adjusting for confounders. When analyzing FoF and anxiety together as independent variables, the association between FoG and FoF remained, and the association between FoG and anxiety diminished. Conclusion: We confirm the complex interactions between motor and nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease, and plead for a multidisciplinary approach.
Aim: We studied the longitudinal associations between freezing of gait (FoG), fear of falling (FoF) and anxiety, and how these associations are influenced by confounding factors. Materials & methods: We analyzed longitudinal motor and nonmotor measurements from 153 Parkinson's diseasepatients. Possible confounding factors were divided into three subgroups: demographics, disease characteristics, medication use and adverse effects of medication. Results: All crude associations between FoG, FoF and anxiety were significant and remained so after adjusting for confounders. When analyzing FoF and anxiety together as independent variables, the association between FoG and FoF remained, and the association between FoG and anxiety diminished. Conclusion: We confirm the complex interactions between motor and nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease, and plead for a multidisciplinary approach.
Entities:
Keywords:
Parkinson’s disease; anxiety; fear of falling; freezing of gait; multidisciplinary; neuropsychiatry; symptom interaction
Authors: Jacek Wilczyński; Magdalena Ścipniak; Kacper Ścipniak; Kamil Margiel; Igor Wilczyński; Rafał Zieliński; Piotr Sobolewski Journal: Biomed Res Int Date: 2021-09-28 Impact factor: 3.411
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