Multidimensional gene regulatory landscape of a bacterial pathogen in plants.

Understanding the gene regulation of plant pathogens is crucial for pest control and thus global food security. An integrated understanding of bacterial gene regulation in the host is dependent on multi-omic datasets, but these are largely lacking. Here, we simultaneously characterized the transcriptome and proteome of a bacterial pathogen in plants. We found a number of bacterial processes affected by plant immunity at the transcriptome and proteome levels. For instance, salicylic acid-mediated plant immunity suppressed the accumulation of proteins comprising the tip component of the bacterial type III secretion system. Interestingly, there were instances of concordant and discordant regulation of bacterial messenger RNAs and proteins. Gene co-expression analysis uncovered previously unknown gene regulatory modules underlying virulence. This study provides molecular insights into the multiple layers of gene regulation that contribute to bacterial growth in planta, and elucidates the role of plant immunity in affecting pathogen responses.