How important is community participation to eco-environmental conservation in protected areas? From the perspective of predicting locals' pro-environmental behaviours.

Community participation is considered an effective measure to protect the eco-environment and to improve people's livelihoods in protected areas. However, it has not received enough attention at the practical level in most developing countries, and it is unclear how important it is in stimulating locals' pro-environmental behaviours to achieve eco-environmental protection goals. This study focuses on the relationship among community participation, perception changes in livelihood capitals and place attachment, which are related to residents' production, livelihoods, and pro-environmental behaviours. The study uses a convenience sampling method in the Nanling National Nature Reserve, China. Regression analysis results show that community participation is the most powerful predictor of pro-environmental behaviours. Furthermore, community participation moderates the relationship between place attachment and pro-environmental behaviours. In addition, perception changes in livelihood capitals positively affect pro-environmental behaviours in the high-level community participation group while having negative or positive results in the low-level community participation group. The findings, which emphasize the importance of community participation in conservation, provide a better understanding of the differences in pro-environmental behaviours between high and low community participation groups and will aid future development and conservation planning of these initiatives.