Michel Arnaud Mbock1, William Feudjou Fouatio2, Raceline Gounoue Kamkumo3, Patrick Valère Tsouh Fokou4, Florence Ngueguim Tsofack5, Paul-Keilah Lunga6, Jean Justin Essia Ngang7, Onana Boyomo7, Augustin Ephrem Nkengfack2, Bruno Lenta Ndjakou8, Norbert Sewald9, Fabrice Fekam Boyom6, Theophile Dimo10. 1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box, 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box, 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box, 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon. 2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box, 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon. 3. Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box, 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box, 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon. 4. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box, 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bamenda, Cameroon. 5. Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box, 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon. 6. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box, 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon. 7. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box, 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon. 8. Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon. 9. Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany. 10. Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box, 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Electronic address: dimo59@yahoo.com.
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Typhoid fever treatment remains a challenge in endemic countries. Detarium microcarpum is traditionally used to manage typhoid. AIM OF THE STUDY: The study aims to explore the efficacy of hydroethanolic extract of Detarium microcarpum root bark in rats infected with salmonella. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The phytochemical profile of the extract was obtained by UHPLC-MS analysis in an attempt of standardization. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was determined using broth dilution method. Salmonella infection was induced by oral administration of S. thyphimurium to immunosuppressed rats. Infected rats were then treated 2 h later with the extract (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg), distilled water (normal and salmonella control) and ciprofloxacin (8 mg/kg) for control. Body weight was monitored and stools were cultured to determine the number of colony-forming units. At the end of treatment, animals were sacrificed, blood and organs were collected for hematological, biochemical and histopathological analyses. RESULTS: Detarium microcarpum extract as well as the isolated compound (rhinocerotinoic acid) exhibited good antimicrobial activity in vitro with bacteriostatic effects. The plant extract significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the bacterial development in infected animals with an effective dose (ED50) of 75 mg/kg. In addition, the extract prevented body weight loss, hematological, biochemical and histopathological damages in treated rats. CONCLUSION: Detarium microcarpum extract possesses antisalmonella properties justifying its traditional use for the typhoid fever management.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Typhoid fever treatment remains a challenge in endemic countries. Detarium microcarpum is traditionally used to manage typhoid. AIM OF THE STUDY: The study aims to explore the efficacy of hydroethanolic extract ofDetarium microcarpum root bark in ratsinfected with salmonella. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The phytochemical profile of the extract was obtained by UHPLC-MS analysis in an attempt of standardization. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was determined using broth dilution method. Salmonella infection was induced by oral administration of S. thyphimurium to immunosuppressed rats. Infectedrats were then treated 2 h later with the extract (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg), distilled water (normal and salmonella control) and ciprofloxacin (8 mg/kg) for control. Body weight was monitored and stools were cultured to determine the number of colony-forming units. At the end of treatment, animals were sacrificed, blood and organs were collected for hematological, biochemical and histopathological analyses. RESULTS:Detarium microcarpum extract as well as the isolated compound (rhinocerotinoic acid) exhibited good antimicrobial activity in vitro with bacteriostatic effects. The plant extract significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the bacterial development in infected animals with an effective dose (ED50) of 75 mg/kg. In addition, the extract prevented body weight loss, hematological, biochemical and histopathological damages in treated rats. CONCLUSION:Detarium microcarpum extract possesses antisalmonella properties justifying its traditional use for the typhoid fever management.