Ankit Singh Tomar1, Paul T Finger2, Brenda Gallie3, Ashwin Mallipatna4, Tero T Kivelä5, Chengyue Zhang6, Junyang Zhao6, Matthew W Wilson7, Rachel C Brenna7, Michala Burges7, Jonathan Kim8, Vikas Khetan9, Suganeswari Ganesan9, Andrey Yarovoy10, Vera Yarovaya10, Elena Kotova10, Yacoub A Yousef11, Kalle Nummi5, Tatiana L Ushakova12, Olga V Yugay13, Vladimir G Polyakov12, Marco A Ramirez-Ortiz14, Elizabeth Esparza-Aguiar14, Guillermo Chantada15, Paula Schaiquevich15, Adriana Fandino16, Jason C Yam17, Winnie W Lau17, Carol P Lam17, Phillipa Sharwood18, Sonia Moorthy19, Quah Boon Long19, Vera Adobea Essuman20, Lorna A Renner21, Ekaterina Semenova1, Jaume Català22, Genoveva Correa-Llano23, Elisa Carreras23. 1. Department of Ocular Tumor and Orbital Disease, The New York Eye Cancer Center, New York, New York. 2. Department of Ocular Tumor and Orbital Disease, The New York Eye Cancer Center, New York, New York. Electronic address: pfinger@eyecancer.com. 3. The Eye Cancer Clinic, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 4. Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. 5. Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. 6. Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China. 7. Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee. 8. USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck Medical School of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California The Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. 9. Department of Vitreoretina Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 10. Ocular Oncology Department, The S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation. 11. Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan. 12. SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation; Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russian Federation. 13. SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation. 14. Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico. 15. Precision Medicine Coordination Hospital JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina and CONICET, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Argentina. 16. Ophthalmology Service Hospital JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 17. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong. 18. Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. 19. KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore. 20. Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana. 21. Department of Child Health, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. 22. Retinoblastoma Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. 23. Retinoblastoma Unit, Department of Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition to predict local tumor control and globe salvage for children with retinoblastoma (RB). DESIGN: International, multicenter, registry-based retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2854 eyes of 2097 patients from 18 ophthalmic oncology centers from 13 countries over 6 continents. METHODS: International, multicenter, registry-based data were pooled from patients enrolled between January 2001 and December 2013. All RB eyes with adequate records to allow tumor staging by the AJCC 8th edition criteria and follow-up to ascertain treatment outcomes were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Globe-salvage rates were estimated by AJCC clinical (cTNMH) categories and tumor laterality. Local treatment failure was defined as use of enucleation or external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), with or without plaque brachytherapy or intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC). RESULTS: Unilateral RB occurred in 1340 eyes (47%). Among the 2854 eyes, tumor categories were cT1 to cT4 in 696 eyes (24%), 1334 eyes (47%), 802 eyes (28%), and 22 eyes (1%), respectively. Of these, 1275 eyes (45%) were salvaged, and 1179 eyes (41%) and 400 eyes (14%) underwent primary and secondary enucleation, respectively. The 2- and 5-year Kaplan-Meier cumulative globe-salvage rates without the use of EBRT by cTNMH categories were 97% and 96% for category cT1a tumors, 94% and 88% for cT1b tumors, 68% and 60% for cT2a tumors, 66% and 57% for cT2b tumors, and 32% and 25% for cT3 tumors, respectively. Risk of local treatment failure increased with increasing cT category (P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis confirmed a higher risk of local treatment failure in categories cT1b (hazard ratio [HR], 3.5; P = 0.004), cT2a (HR, 15.1; P < 0.001), cT2b (HR, 16.4; P < 0.001), and cT3 (HR, 45.0; P < 0.001) compared with category cT1a. Use of plaque brachytherapy and IAC improved local tumor control in categories cT1a (P = 0.031) and cT1b (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Multicenter, international, internet-based data sharing validated the 8th edition AJCC RB staging to predict globe-salvage in a large, heterogeneous, real-world patient population with RB.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition to predict local tumor control and globe salvage for children with retinoblastoma (RB). DESIGN: International, multicenter, registry-based retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2854 eyes of 2097 patients from 18 ophthalmic oncology centers from 13 countries over 6 continents. METHODS: International, multicenter, registry-based data were pooled from patients enrolled between January 2001 and December 2013. All RB eyes with adequate records to allow tumor staging by the AJCC 8th edition criteria and follow-up to ascertain treatment outcomes were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Globe-salvage rates were estimated by AJCC clinical (cTNMH) categories and tumor laterality. Local treatment failure was defined as use of enucleation or external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), with or without plaque brachytherapy or intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC). RESULTS: Unilateral RB occurred in 1340 eyes (47%). Among the 2854 eyes, tumor categories were cT1 to cT4 in 696 eyes (24%), 1334 eyes (47%), 802 eyes (28%), and 22 eyes (1%), respectively. Of these, 1275 eyes (45%) were salvaged, and 1179 eyes (41%) and 400 eyes (14%) underwent primary and secondary enucleation, respectively. The 2- and 5-year Kaplan-Meier cumulative globe-salvage rates without the use of EBRT by cTNMH categories were 97% and 96% for category cT1a tumors, 94% and 88% for cT1b tumors, 68% and 60% for cT2a tumors, 66% and 57% for cT2b tumors, and 32% and 25% for cT3tumors, respectively. Risk of local treatment failure increased with increasing cT category (P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis confirmed a higher risk of local treatment failure in categories cT1b (hazard ratio [HR], 3.5; P = 0.004), cT2a (HR, 15.1; P < 0.001), cT2b (HR, 16.4; P < 0.001), and cT3 (HR, 45.0; P < 0.001) compared with category cT1a. Use of plaque brachytherapy and IAC improved local tumor control in categories cT1a (P = 0.031) and cT1b (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Multicenter, international, internet-based data sharing validated the 8th edition AJCC RB staging to predict globe-salvage in a large, heterogeneous, real-world patient population with RB.
Authors: Yacoub A Yousef; Ibrahim Qaddoumi; Ibrahim Al-Nawaiseh; Mona Mohammad; Dalia AlRimawi; Mario Damiano Toro; Sandrine Zweifel; Robert Rejdak; Rashed Nazzal; Mustafa Mehyar; Imad Jaradat; Iyad Sultan; Maysa Al-Hussaini Journal: J Cancer Date: 2022-02-07 Impact factor: 4.207
Authors: Ankit Singh Tomar; Paul T Finger; Brenda Gallie; Tero T Kivelä; Ashwin Mallipatna; Chengyue Zhang; Junyang Zhao; Matthew W Wilson; Rachel C Brennan; Michala Burges; Jonathan Kim; Jesse L Berry; Rima Jubran; Vikas Khetan; Suganeswari Ganesan; Andrey Yarovoy; Vera Yarovaya; Elena Kotova; Denis Volodin; Yacoub A Yousef; Kalle Nummi; Tatiana L Ushakova; Olga V Yugay; Vladimir G Polyakov; Marco A Ramirez-Ortiz; Elizabeth Esparza-Aguiar; Guillermo Chantada; Paula Schaiquevich; Adriana Fandino; Jason C Yam; Winnie W Lau; Carol P Lam; Phillipa Sharwood; Sonia Moorthy; Quah Boon Long; Vera Adobea Essuman; Lorna A Renner; Ekaterina Semenova; Jaume Català-Mora; Genoveva Correa-Llano; Elisa Carreras Journal: Ophthalmology Date: 2022-04-15 Impact factor: 14.277
Authors: Ankit Singh Tomar; Paul T Finger; Brenda Gallie; Tero T Kivelä; Ashwin Mallipatna; Chengyue Zhang; Junyang Zhao; Matthew W Wilson; Rachel C Brennan; Michala Burges; Jonathan Kim; Jesse L Berry; Rima Jubran; Vikas Khetan; Suganeswari Ganesan; Andrey Yarovoy; Vera Yarovaya; Elena Kotova; Denis Volodin; Yacoub A Yousef; Kalle Nummi; Tatiana L Ushakova; Olga V Yugay; Vladimir G Polyakov; Marco A Ramirez-Ortiz; Elizabeth Esparza-Aguiar; Guillermo Chantada; Paula Schaiquevich; Adriana Fandino; Jason C Yam; Winnie W Lau; Carol P Lam; Phillipa Sharwood; Sonia Moorthy; Quah Boon Long; Vera Adobea Essuman; Lorna A Renner; Ekaterina Semenova; Jaume Català-Mora; Genoveva Correa-Llano; Elisa Carreras Journal: Ophthalmology Date: 2022-04-30 Impact factor: 14.277
Authors: Ankit Singh Tomar; Paul T Finger; Brenda Gallie; Tero Kivelä; Ashwin Mallipatna; Chengyue Zhang; Junyang Zhao; Matthew Wilson; Rachel Brennan; Michala Burges; Jonathan Kim; Jesse L Berry; Rima Jubran; Vikas Khetan; Suganeswari Ganeshan; Andrey Yarovoy; Vera Yarovaya; Elena Kotova; Denis Volodin; Yacoub Yousef; Kalle Nummi; Tatiana L Ushakova; Olga V Yugay; Vladimir G Polyakov; Marco Antonio Ramirez-Ortiz; Elizabeth Esparza-Aguiar; Guillermo L Chantada; Paula Schaiquevich; Adriana C Fandiño; Jason C Yam; Winnie W Lau; Carol P Lam; Phillipa Sharwood; Sonia Moorthy; Quah Boon Long; Vera Adobea Essuman; Lorna A Renner; Ekaterina Semenova; Jaume Català-Mora; Maria Correa Llano; Elisa Carreras Journal: Br J Ophthalmol Date: 2021-08-02 Impact factor: 5.908