Kristina L Bailey1,2, Harry Smith3, Susan K Mathai4, Jonathan Huber5, Mark Yacoub6, Ivana V Yang6,7, Todd A Wyatt2,8, Katerina Kechris3,7, Ellen L Burnham6. 1. From the, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy (KLB), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska. 2. VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System (KLB, TAW), Omaha, Nebraska. 3. Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (HS, KK), Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. 4. Center for Advanced Heart and Lung Disease (SKM), Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. 5. Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (JH), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. 6. Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (MY, IVY, ELB), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. 7. Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine (IVY, KK), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. 8. Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health (TAW), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and cigarette smoking both increase risk for the development of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), likely through adverse effects on proximal airway mucociliary clearance and pathogen recognition. Smoking-related alterations on airway gene expression are well described, but little is known about the impact of AUDs. We measured gene expression in human airway epithelial cells (AECs), hypothesizing that AUDs would be associated with novel differences in gene expression that could alter risk for CAP. METHODS: Bronchoscopy with airway brushings was performed in participants with AUDs and controls to obtain AECs. An AUD Identification Test was used to define AUD. RNA was extracted from AECs, and mRNA expression data were collected on an Agilent micro-array. Differential expression analyses were performed on the filtered and normalized data with correction for multiple testing. Enrichment analyses were performed using clusterProfiler. RESULTS: Expression data from 19 control and 18 AUD participants were evaluated. After adjustment for smoking, AUDs were associated with significant differential expression of 520 AEC genes, including genes for ribosomal proteins and genes involved in protein folding. Enrichment analyses indicated significant differential expression of 24 pathways in AUDs, including those implicated in protein targeting to membrane and viral gene expression. Smoking-associated AEC gene expression differences mirrored previous reports, but differed from those associated with AUDs. CONCLUSIONS: AUDs have a distinct impact on AEC gene expression that may influence proximal airway function independent of smoking. Alcohol-associated alterations may influence risk for CAP through modifying key mechanisms important in protecting proximal airway integrity.
BACKGROUND: Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and cigarette smoking both increase risk for the development of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), likely through adverse effects on proximal airway mucociliary clearance and pathogen recognition. Smoking-related alterations on airway gene expression are well described, but little is known about the impact of AUDs. We measured gene expression in human airway epithelial cells (AECs), hypothesizing that AUDs would be associated with novel differences in gene expression that could alter risk for CAP. METHODS: Bronchoscopy with airway brushings was performed in participants with AUDs and controls to obtain AECs. An AUD Identification Test was used to define AUD. RNA was extracted from AECs, and mRNA expression data were collected on an Agilent micro-array. Differential expression analyses were performed on the filtered and normalized data with correction for multiple testing. Enrichment analyses were performed using clusterProfiler. RESULTS: Expression data from 19 control and 18 AUD participants were evaluated. After adjustment for smoking, AUDs were associated with significant differential expression of 520 AEC genes, including genes for ribosomal proteins and genes involved in protein folding. Enrichment analyses indicated significant differential expression of 24 pathways in AUDs, including those implicated in protein targeting to membrane and viral gene expression. Smoking-associated AEC gene expression differences mirrored previous reports, but differed from those associated with AUDs. CONCLUSIONS: AUDs have a distinct impact on AEC gene expression that may influence proximal airway function independent of smoking. Alcohol-associated alterations may influence risk for CAP through modifying key mechanisms important in protecting proximal airway integrity.
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