Aditi Priyamvara1, Amit K Dey2, Dhrubajyoti Bandyopadhyay3, Veena Katikineni4, Raja Zaghlol5, Binaya Basyal5, Kirolos Barssoum6, Rula Amarin7, Deepak L Bhatt8, Carl J Lavie9. 1. George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA. 2. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. 3. Mount Sinai St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, USA. 4. Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA. 5. Division of Internal Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital/Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA. 6. Department of Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA. 7. Division of Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA. 8. Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart & Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 9. Department of Cardiology, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-UQ School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 20814, USA. clavie@ochsner.org.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The role of oral bacteremia and periodontal inflammation driving atherosclerosis is still under investigation. This review article highlights the role of periodontal inflammation and oral microorganisms in the development and progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: Association between periodontal and cardiovascular diseases has been well characterized, but causal correlation is yet to be established. For instance, untreated gingivitis can progress to periodontitis. Periodontal disease has been associated with several systemic diseases one of which is atherosclerosis. One possible association that was documented in literature is that poor oral hygiene leads to bacteremia, which in turn can cause bacterial growth over atherosclerotic coronary artery plaques and possibly worsen coronary artery disease. It is crucial that clinicians understand the association between periodontal and cardiovascular disease. A comprehensive treatment for periodontitis and re-establishment of a healthy periodontium can help in reduction of overall inflammation in the body. This may play an important role in prevention of cardiovascular disease, though future research is needed to establish this.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The role of oral bacteremia and periodontal inflammation driving atherosclerosis is still under investigation. This review article highlights the role of periodontal inflammation and oral microorganisms in the development and progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: Association between periodontal and cardiovascular diseases has been well characterized, but causal correlation is yet to be established. For instance, untreated gingivitis can progress to periodontitis. Periodontal disease has been associated with several systemic diseases one of which is atherosclerosis. One possible association that was documented in literature is that poor oral hygiene leads to bacteremia, which in turn can cause bacterial growth over atherosclerotic coronary artery plaques and possibly worsen coronary artery disease. It is crucial that clinicians understand the association between periodontal and cardiovascular disease. A comprehensive treatment for periodontitis and re-establishment of a healthy periodontium can help in reduction of overall inflammation in the body. This may play an important role in prevention of cardiovascular disease, though future research is needed to establish this.
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