Ankit Singh Tomar1, Paul T Finger2, Brenda Gallie3, Ashwin Mallipatna4, Tero T Kivelä5, Chengyue Zhang6, Junyang Zhao6, Matthew W Wilson7, Jonathan Kim8, Vikas Khetan9, Suganeswari Ganesan9, Andrey Yarovoy10, Vera Yarovaya10, Elena Kotova10, Yacoub A Yousef11, Kalle Nummi5, Tatiana L Ushakova12, Olga V Yugay13, Vladimir G Polyakov12, Marco A Ramirez-Ortiz14, Elizabeth Esparza-Aguiar14, Guillermo Chantada15, Paula Schaiquevich15, Adriana Fandino16, Jason C Yam17, Winnie W Lau17, Carol P Lam17, Phillipa Sharwood18, Sonia Moorthy19, Quah Boon Long19, Vera Adobea Essuman20, Lorna A Renner21, Jaume Català22, Genoveva Correa-Llano23. 1. Department of Ocular Tumor and Orbital Disease, The New York Eye Cancer Center, New York, New York. 2. Department of Ocular Tumor and Orbital Disease, The New York Eye Cancer Center, New York, New York. Electronic address: pfinger@eyecancer.com. 3. The Eye Cancer Clinic, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 4. Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. 5. Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. 6. Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China. 7. Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee. 8. USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck Medical School of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; The Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. 9. Department of Vitreoretina Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 10. Ocular Oncology Department, The S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation. 11. Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan. 12. SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation; Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russian Federation. 13. SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation. 14. Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico. 15. Precision Medicine Coordination Hospital JP Garrahan and CONICET, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 16. Ophthalmology Service Hospital JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 17. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong. 18. Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. 19. KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore. 20. Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana. 21. Department of Child Health, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. 22. Retinoblastoma Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. 23. Retinoblastoma Unit, Department of Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Cancer Staging Manual to estimate metastatic and mortality rates for children with retinoblastoma (RB). DESIGN: International, multicenter, registry-based retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2190 patients from 18 ophthalmic oncology centers from 13 countries over 6 continents. METHODS: Patient-specific data fields for RB were designed and selected by subcommittee. All patients with RB with adequate records to allow tumor staging by the AJCC criteria and follow-up for metastatic disease were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Metastasis-related 5- and 10-year survival data after initial tumor staging were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method depending on AJCC clinical (cTNM) and pathological (pTNM) tumor, node, metastasis category and age, tumor laterality, and presence of heritable trait. RESULTS: Of 2190 patients, the records of 2085 patients (95.2%) with 2905 eyes were complete. The median age at diagnosis was 17.0 months. A total of 1260 patients (65.4%) had unilateral RB. Among the 2085 patients, tumor categories were cT1a in 55 (2.6%), cT1b in 168 (8.1%), cT2a in 197 (9.4%), cT2b in 812 (38.9%), cT3 in 835 (40.0%), and cT4 in 18 (0.9%). Of these, 1397 eyes in 1353 patients (48.1%) were treated with enucleation. A total of 109 patients (5.2%) developed metastases and died. The median time (n = 92) from diagnosis to metastasis was 9.50 months. The 5-year Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival estimates by clinical tumor categories were 100% for category cT1a, 98% (95% confidence interval [CI], 97-99) for cT1b and cT2a, 96% (95% CI, 95-97) for cT2b, 89% (95% CI, 88-90) for cT3 tumors, and 45% (95% CI, 31-59) for cT4 tumors. Risk of metastasis increased with increasing cT (and pT) category (P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis confirmed a higher risk of metastasis in category cT3 (hazard rate [HR], 8.09; 95% CI, 2.55-25.70; P < 0.001) and cT4 (HR, 48.55; 95% CI, 12.86-183.27; P < 0.001) compared with category cT1. Age, tumor laterality, and presence of heritable traits did not influence the incidence of metastatic disease. CONCLUSIONS: Multicenter, international, internet-based data sharing facilitated analysis of the 8th edition AJCC RB Staging System for metastasis-related mortality and offered a proof of concept yielding quantitative, predictive estimates per category in a large, real-life, heterogeneous patient population with RB.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Cancer Staging Manual to estimate metastatic and mortality rates for children with retinoblastoma (RB). DESIGN: International, multicenter, registry-based retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2190 patients from 18 ophthalmic oncology centers from 13 countries over 6 continents. METHODS:Patient-specific data fields for RB were designed and selected by subcommittee. All patients with RB with adequate records to allow tumor staging by the AJCC criteria and follow-up for metastatic disease were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Metastasis-related 5- and 10-year survival data after initial tumor staging were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method depending on AJCC clinical (cTNM) and pathological (pTNM) tumor, node, metastasis category and age, tumor laterality, and presence of heritable trait. RESULTS: Of 2190 patients, the records of 2085 patients (95.2%) with 2905 eyes were complete. The median age at diagnosis was 17.0 months. A total of 1260 patients (65.4%) had unilateral RB. Among the 2085 patients, tumor categories were cT1a in 55 (2.6%), cT1b in 168 (8.1%), cT2a in 197 (9.4%), cT2b in 812 (38.9%), cT3 in 835 (40.0%), and cT4 in 18 (0.9%). Of these, 1397 eyes in 1353 patients (48.1%) were treated with enucleation. A total of 109 patients (5.2%) developed metastases and died. The median time (n = 92) from diagnosis to metastasis was 9.50 months. The 5-year Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival estimates by clinical tumor categories were 100% for category cT1a, 98% (95% confidence interval [CI], 97-99) for cT1b and cT2a, 96% (95% CI, 95-97) for cT2b, 89% (95% CI, 88-90) for cT3tumors, and 45% (95% CI, 31-59) for cT4 tumors. Risk of metastasis increased with increasing cT (and pT) category (P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis confirmed a higher risk of metastasis in category cT3 (hazard rate [HR], 8.09; 95% CI, 2.55-25.70; P < 0.001) and cT4 (HR, 48.55; 95% CI, 12.86-183.27; P < 0.001) compared with category cT1. Age, tumor laterality, and presence of heritable traits did not influence the incidence of metastatic disease. CONCLUSIONS: Multicenter, international, internet-based data sharing facilitated analysis of the 8th edition AJCC RB Staging System for metastasis-related mortality and offered a proof of concept yielding quantitative, predictive estimates per category in a large, real-life, heterogeneous patient population with RB.
Authors: Carol L Shields; Zeynep Bas; Andrea Laiton; Ana Maria Velasco Silva; Ahmed Sheikh; Sara E Lally; Jerry A Shields Journal: Eye (Lond) Date: 2022-02-25 Impact factor: 3.775
Authors: Yacoub A Yousef; Ibrahim Qaddoumi; Ibrahim Al-Nawaiseh; Mona Mohammad; Dalia AlRimawi; Mario Damiano Toro; Sandrine Zweifel; Robert Rejdak; Rashed Nazzal; Mustafa Mehyar; Imad Jaradat; Iyad Sultan; Maysa Al-Hussaini Journal: J Cancer Date: 2022-02-07 Impact factor: 4.207
Authors: Ankit Singh Tomar; Paul T Finger; Brenda Gallie; Tero T Kivelä; Ashwin Mallipatna; Chengyue Zhang; Junyang Zhao; Matthew W Wilson; Rachel C Brennan; Michala Burges; Jonathan Kim; Jesse L Berry; Rima Jubran; Vikas Khetan; Suganeswari Ganesan; Andrey Yarovoy; Vera Yarovaya; Elena Kotova; Denis Volodin; Yacoub A Yousef; Kalle Nummi; Tatiana L Ushakova; Olga V Yugay; Vladimir G Polyakov; Marco A Ramirez-Ortiz; Elizabeth Esparza-Aguiar; Guillermo Chantada; Paula Schaiquevich; Adriana Fandino; Jason C Yam; Winnie W Lau; Carol P Lam; Phillipa Sharwood; Sonia Moorthy; Quah Boon Long; Vera Adobea Essuman; Lorna A Renner; Ekaterina Semenova; Jaume Català-Mora; Genoveva Correa-Llano; Elisa Carreras Journal: Ophthalmology Date: 2022-04-15 Impact factor: 14.277
Authors: Ankit Singh Tomar; Paul T Finger; Brenda Gallie; Tero T Kivelä; Ashwin Mallipatna; Chengyue Zhang; Junyang Zhao; Matthew W Wilson; Rachel C Brennan; Michala Burges; Jonathan Kim; Jesse L Berry; Rima Jubran; Vikas Khetan; Suganeswari Ganesan; Andrey Yarovoy; Vera Yarovaya; Elena Kotova; Denis Volodin; Yacoub A Yousef; Kalle Nummi; Tatiana L Ushakova; Olga V Yugay; Vladimir G Polyakov; Marco A Ramirez-Ortiz; Elizabeth Esparza-Aguiar; Guillermo Chantada; Paula Schaiquevich; Adriana Fandino; Jason C Yam; Winnie W Lau; Carol P Lam; Phillipa Sharwood; Sonia Moorthy; Quah Boon Long; Vera Adobea Essuman; Lorna A Renner; Ekaterina Semenova; Jaume Català-Mora; Genoveva Correa-Llano; Elisa Carreras Journal: Ophthalmology Date: 2022-04-30 Impact factor: 14.277
Authors: Ankit Singh Tomar; Paul T Finger; Brenda Gallie; Tero Kivelä; Ashwin Mallipatna; Chengyue Zhang; Junyang Zhao; Matthew Wilson; Rachel Brennan; Michala Burges; Jonathan Kim; Jesse L Berry; Rima Jubran; Vikas Khetan; Suganeswari Ganeshan; Andrey Yarovoy; Vera Yarovaya; Elena Kotova; Denis Volodin; Yacoub Yousef; Kalle Nummi; Tatiana L Ushakova; Olga V Yugay; Vladimir G Polyakov; Marco Antonio Ramirez-Ortiz; Elizabeth Esparza-Aguiar; Guillermo L Chantada; Paula Schaiquevich; Adriana C Fandiño; Jason C Yam; Winnie W Lau; Carol P Lam; Phillipa Sharwood; Sonia Moorthy; Quah Boon Long; Vera Adobea Essuman; Lorna A Renner; Ekaterina Semenova; Jaume Català-Mora; Maria Correa Llano; Elisa Carreras Journal: Br J Ophthalmol Date: 2021-08-02 Impact factor: 5.908
Authors: Nan Li; Yi-Zhuo Wang; Dong-Sheng Huang; Yi Zhang; Wei-Ling Zhang; Jian-Min Ma; Yan Zhou; Ting-Ting Liu Journal: Cancer Manag Res Date: 2022-01-28 Impact factor: 3.989