Iqbal Pramukti1,2, Linlin Lindayani3, Yen-Chin Chen4,5, Chun-Yin Yeh6, Ta-Wei Tai7,8, Susan Fetzer9, Nai-Ying Ko1,4,5. 1. Department of Nursing, International Doctoral Program in Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. 2. Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia. 3. Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Keperawatan PPNI Jawa Barat, Bandung, Indonesia. 4. Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. 5. Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. 6. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. 7. Departments of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. 8. Skeleton Materials and Bio-compatibility Core Lab, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. 9. Southern New Hampshire Medical Center, Nashua, New Hampshire, United States of America.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: People living with HIV (PLWH) had a higher prevalence and incidence rate of bone fracture compared to general population. Although several studies have explored this phenomenon, the prevalence and incidence rate of fracture were varied. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to determine and analyze the pooled prevalence, incidence rate of fracture and fracture risk factors among people living with HIV (PLWH). METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL with full Text, and Medline databases for studies published up to August 2019 were searched. Studies reporting the prevalence or incidence of fracture among PLWH were included. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) appraisal tool. A meta-analysis with random-effects model was performed to determine pooled estimates of prevalence and incidence rates of fracture. A meta-regression was performed to determine the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS: The pooled estimated prevalence of fracture among PLWH was 6.6% (95% CI: 3.8-11.1) with pooled odds ratio of 1.9 (95%CI: 1.1-3.2) compared to the general population. The pooled estimates of fracture incidence were 11.3 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 7.9-14.5) with incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3-1.8) compared to the general population. Risk factors for fracture incidence were older age (aHR 1.4, 95% CI: 1.3-1.6), smoking (aHR 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1-1.5), HIV/HCV co-infection (aHR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.3-1.9), and osteoporosis (aHR 3.3, 95% CI: 2.2-5.1). CONCLUSIONS: Our finding highlights a higher risk of fracture among PLWH compared to the general population. Osteoporosis, smoking and HIV/HCV coinfection as the significant modifiable risk factors should be prioritized by the HIV health providers when care for PLWH.
INTRODUCTION:People living with HIV (PLWH) had a higher prevalence and incidence rate of bone fracture compared to general population. Although several studies have explored this phenomenon, the prevalence and incidence rate of fracture were varied. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to determine and analyze the pooled prevalence, incidence rate of fracture and fracture risk factors among people living with HIV (PLWH). METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL with full Text, and Medline databases for studies published up to August 2019 were searched. Studies reporting the prevalence or incidence of fracture among PLWH were included. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) appraisal tool. A meta-analysis with random-effects model was performed to determine pooled estimates of prevalence and incidence rates of fracture. A meta-regression was performed to determine the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS: The pooled estimated prevalence of fracture among PLWH was 6.6% (95% CI: 3.8-11.1) with pooled odds ratio of 1.9 (95%CI: 1.1-3.2) compared to the general population. The pooled estimates of fracture incidence were 11.3 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 7.9-14.5) with incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3-1.8) compared to the general population. Risk factors for fracture incidence were older age (aHR 1.4, 95% CI: 1.3-1.6), smoking (aHR 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1-1.5), HIV/HCV co-infection (aHR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.3-1.9), and osteoporosis (aHR 3.3, 95% CI: 2.2-5.1). CONCLUSIONS: Our finding highlights a higher risk of fracture among PLWH compared to the general population. Osteoporosis, smoking and HIV/HCV coinfection as the significant modifiable risk factors should be prioritized by the HIV health providers when care for PLWH.
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