Antonio Gallo1,2, Thomas Dietenbeck3, Alain Giron3, Michel Paques4, Nadjia Kachenoura3, Xavier Girerd5. 1. Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, APHP.6 Sorbonne University, Paris, France. antonio.gallo@aphp.fr. 2. INSERM 1146, CNRS 7371, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université, 75006, Paris, France. antonio.gallo@aphp.fr. 3. INSERM 1146, CNRS 7371, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université, 75006, Paris, France. 4. Département D'ophtalmologie, Centre d'investigation Clinique INSERM-DHOS 1423, Institut de La Vision, Hôpital Des Quinze-Vingts, Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, 75012, Paris, France. 5. Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, APHP.6 Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ageing, hypertension and diabetes have an intricate effect on microvascular structure. In the retina, the respective contribution of remodeling and hypertrophy in such process is still unclear. We aimed at disentangling age, blood pressure and glycaemia effects on retinal microcirculation using the non-invasive adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy (AOO). METHODS: We included 429 subjects, distributed into 4 groups according to normal (nBP) or high blood pressure (hBP) and/or normal (nGly) or high fasting glycaemia (hGly). The nBP/nGly group was stratified in age tertiles to isolate the effect of ageing. AOO was used to measure arteriolar wall thickness (WT, µm), arteriolar (aID, µm) and venular internal diameter (vID, µm) and calculate arteriolar wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR), wall cross-sectional area (WCSA, µm2). One-way ANOVA for parametric variables and Kruskal-Wallis test for non-parametric variables were used for comparison among groups. A multivariate regression analysis including age, gender, BP, hGly and antihypertensive treatment was performed to calculate independent predictors of retinal remodeling. RESULTS: WT was increased with ageing (tertile1: 22.5 ± 3.2, tertile2: 24.2 ± 3.5, tertile 3: 25.2 ± 3.8, p = 0.001) and BP (hBP: 25.2 ± 4.1 vs nBP: 23.9 ± 3.7, p = 0.003). aID decreased with BP (hBP: 90.2 ± 13.4 vs nBP: 93.6 ± 11.6, p = 0.013) and increased with glycaemia (hGly: 97.7 ± 12.5 vs nGly: 93.6 ± 11.6, p = 0.002). A multivariate analysis showed independent association of hBP with WLR; hGly with WCSA; ageing with WLR and WCSA. CONCLUSIONS: AOO non-invasively identifies retinal structural changes in human confirming that microvascular remodeling is exclusively related to hypertension, whereas vascular growth is related to ageing and hyperglycaemia.
BACKGROUND: Ageing, hypertension and diabetes have an intricate effect on microvascular structure. In the retina, the respective contribution of remodeling and hypertrophy in such process is still unclear. We aimed at disentangling age, blood pressure and glycaemia effects on retinal microcirculation using the non-invasive adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy (AOO). METHODS: We included 429 subjects, distributed into 4 groups according to normal (nBP) or high blood pressure (hBP) and/or normal (nGly) or high fasting glycaemia (hGly). The nBP/nGly group was stratified in age tertiles to isolate the effect of ageing. AOO was used to measure arteriolar wall thickness (WT, µm), arteriolar (aID, µm) and venular internal diameter (vID, µm) and calculate arteriolar wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR), wall cross-sectional area (WCSA, µm2). One-way ANOVA for parametric variables and Kruskal-Wallis test for non-parametric variables were used for comparison among groups. A multivariate regression analysis including age, gender, BP, hGly and antihypertensive treatment was performed to calculate independent predictors of retinal remodeling. RESULTS: WT was increased with ageing (tertile1: 22.5 ± 3.2, tertile2: 24.2 ± 3.5, tertile 3: 25.2 ± 3.8, p = 0.001) and BP (hBP: 25.2 ± 4.1 vs nBP: 23.9 ± 3.7, p = 0.003). aID decreased with BP (hBP: 90.2 ± 13.4 vs nBP: 93.6 ± 11.6, p = 0.013) and increased with glycaemia (hGly: 97.7 ± 12.5 vs nGly: 93.6 ± 11.6, p = 0.002). A multivariate analysis showed independent association of hBP with WLR; hGly with WCSA; ageing with WLR and WCSA. CONCLUSIONS: AOO non-invasively identifies retinal structural changes in human confirming that microvascular remodeling is exclusively related to hypertension, whereas vascular growth is related to ageing and hyperglycaemia.
Authors: Rachel E Climie; Thomas T van Sloten; Rosa-Maria Bruno; Stefano Taddei; Jean-Philippe Empana; Coen D A Stehouwer; James E Sharman; Pierre Boutouyrie; Stéphane Laurent Journal: Hypertension Date: 2019-06 Impact factor: 10.190
Authors: Konstantin E Kotliar; Ines M Lanzl; Henner Hanssen; Karla Eberhardt; Walthard Vilser; Martin Halle; Uwe Heemann; Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss; Marcus Baumann Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2012-04-24 Impact factor: 4.799