Valter Niemelä1, Ammar Salih1, Daniela Solea1, Björn Lindvall1, Jan Weinberg1, Gabriel Miltenberger1, Tobias Granberg1, Aikaterini Tzovla1, Love Nordin1, Torsten Danfors1, Irina Savitcheva1, Niklas Dahl1, Martin Paucar1. 1. Department of Neurology (V.N.), Uppsala University Hospital; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Västerås Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.S.), Gävle Hospital; Department of Neurology (B.L.), University Hospital in Örebro; Department of Neurology (J.W., M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (G.M.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (T.G., M.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Radiology (T.G., A.T.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm; Department of Diagnostic Medical Physics (L.N.), Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (L.N.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Surgical Sciences (T.D.), Section for Nuclear Medicine and PET, Uppsala University Hospital; Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine (I.S.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm; and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (N.D.), Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To perform a comprehensive characterization of a cohort of patients with chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) in Sweden. METHODS: Clinical assessments, targeted genetic studies, neuroimaging with MRI, [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET, and dopamine transporter with 123I FP-CIT (DaTscan) SPECT. One patient underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). RESULTS: Four patients living in Sweden but with different ethnical backgrounds were included. Their clinical features were variable. Biallelic VPS13A mutations were confirmed in all patients, including 3 novel mutations. All tested patients had either low or absent chorein levels. One patient had progressive caudate atrophy. Investigation using FDG-PET revealed severe bilateral striatal hypometabolism, and DaTscan SPECT displayed presynaptic dopaminergic deficiency in 3 patients. MRS demonstrated reduced N-acetylaspartate/creatine (Cr) ratio and mild elevation of both choline/Cr and combined glutamate and glutamine/Cr in the striatum in 1 case. One patient died during sleep, and another was treated with deep brain stimulation, which transiently attenuated feeding dystonia but not his gait disorder or chorea. CONCLUSIONS: Larger longitudinal neuroimaging studies with different modalities, particularly MRS, are needed to determine their potential role as biomarkers for ChAc.
OBJECTIVE: To perform a comprehensive characterization of a cohort of patients with chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) in Sweden. METHODS: Clinical assessments, targeted genetic studies, neuroimaging with MRI, [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET, and dopamine transporter with 123I FP-CIT (DaTscan) SPECT. One patient underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). RESULTS: Four patients living in Sweden but with different ethnical backgrounds were included. Their clinical features were variable. Biallelic VPS13A mutations were confirmed in all patients, including 3 novel mutations. All tested patients had either low or absent chorein levels. One patient had progressive caudate atrophy. Investigation using FDG-PET revealed severe bilateral striatal hypometabolism, and DaTscan SPECT displayed presynaptic dopaminergic deficiency in 3 patients. MRS demonstrated reduced N-acetylaspartate/creatine (Cr) ratio and mild elevation of both choline/Cr and combined glutamate and glutamine/Cr in the striatum in 1 case. One patient died during sleep, and another was treated with deep brain stimulation, which transiently attenuated feeding dystonia but not his gait disorder or chorea. CONCLUSIONS: Larger longitudinal neuroimaging studies with different modalities, particularly MRS, are needed to determine their potential role as biomarkers for ChAc.
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