Mostafa Motavalli1,2, Cheyenne Jones3, Jim A Berilla4,2, Ming Li5,2, Mark D Schluchter5,2, Joseph M Mansour6,2, Jean F Welter1,2. 1. Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, all Cleveland, OH, USA. 2. Case Center for Multimodal Evaluation of Engineered Cartilage, Case Western Reserve University, all Cleveland, OH, USA. 3. Hathaway Brown High School, all Cleveland, OH, USA. 4. Department of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, all Cleveland, OH, USA. 5. Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, all Cleveland, OH, USA. 6. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University all Cleveland, OH, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Articular cartilage is known to be mechanically anisotropic. In this paper, the acoustic anisotropy of bovine articular cartilage and the effects of freeze-thaw cycling on acoustic anisotropy were investigated. METHODS: We developed apparatus and methods that use a magnetic L-shaped sample holder, which allowed minimal handling of a tissue, reduced the number of measurements compared to previous studies, and produced highly reproducible results. RESULTS: SOS was greater in the direction perpendicular to the articular surface compared to the direction parallel to the articular surface (N=17, P = 0.00001). Average SOS was 1,758 ± 107 m/s perpendicular to the surface, and 1,617 ± 55 m/s parallel to it. The average percentage difference in SOS between the perpendicular and parallel directions was 8.2% (95% CI: 5.4% to 11%). Freeze-thaw cycling did not have a significant effect on SOS (P>0.4). CONCLUSION: Acoustic measurement of tissue properties is particularly attractive for work in our laboratory since it has the potential for nondestructive characterization of the properties of developing engineered cartilage. Our approach allowed us to observe acoustic anisotropy of articular cartilage rapidly and reproducibly. This property was not significantly affected by freeze-thawing of the tissue samples, making cryopreservation practical for these assays.
PURPOSE: Articular cartilage is known to be mechanically anisotropic. In this paper, the acoustic anisotropy of bovine articular cartilage and the effects of freeze-thaw cycling on acoustic anisotropy were investigated. METHODS: We developed apparatus and methods that use a magnetic L-shaped sample holder, which allowed minimal handling of a tissue, reduced the number of measurements compared to previous studies, and produced highly reproducible results. RESULTS: SOS was greater in the direction perpendicular to the articular surface compared to the direction parallel to the articular surface (N=17, P = 0.00001). Average SOS was 1,758 ± 107 m/s perpendicular to the surface, and 1,617 ± 55 m/s parallel to it. The average percentage difference in SOS between the perpendicular and parallel directions was 8.2% (95% CI: 5.4% to 11%). Freeze-thaw cycling did not have a significant effect on SOS (P>0.4). CONCLUSION: Acoustic measurement of tissue properties is particularly attractive for work in our laboratory since it has the potential for nondestructive characterization of the properties of developing engineered cartilage. Our approach allowed us to observe acoustic anisotropy of articular cartilage rapidly and reproducibly. This property was not significantly affected by freeze-thawing of the tissue samples, making cryopreservation practical for these assays.
Entities:
Keywords:
Anisotropy; Ultrasound; cartilage; freeze-thaw; nondestructive testing; speed of sound
Authors: Chen-Yuan Chung; Joseph Heebner; Harihara Baskaran; Jean F Welter; Joseph M Mansour Journal: Ann Biomed Eng Date: 2015-06-16 Impact factor: 3.934
Authors: Joseph M Mansour; Di-Win Marine Gu; Chen-Yuan Chung; Joseph Heebner; Jake Althans; Sarah Abdalian; Mark D Schluchter; Yiying Liu; Jean F Welter Journal: Ann Biomed Eng Date: 2014-08-05 Impact factor: 3.934
Authors: Joseph M Mansour; Mostafa Motavalli; James E Dennis; Thomas J Kean; Arnold I Caplan; Jim A Berilla; Jean F Welter Journal: Tissue Eng Part C Methods Date: 2018-08 Impact factor: 3.056
Authors: Chengjuan Qu; Mikko Hirviniemi; Virpi Tiitu; Jukka S Jurvelin; Juha Töyräs; Mikko J Lammi Journal: Cartilage Date: 2014-04 Impact factor: 4.634