BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infection may progress to bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), with an underlying chronic inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytokine profiles in pulmonary T-lymphocytes and their associations with lung function in patients with BO following M. pneumoniae infection. METHODS: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were obtained from 10 controls and 18 children with M. pneumoniae-associated BO. We analyzed the BAL T cells for interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-9, IL-17, CD25, and Foxp3 by intercellular flow cytometry. The associations with T-cell subpopulations and lung function parameters were determined. RESULTS: In BAL fluid, significantly increased proportions of T-helper 1 (Th1), Th17, and Tc1 cells were found in M. pneumoniae-associated BO patients when compared with controls. The percentages of Th17 cells showed correlations with forced expiratory volume in 1 second % predicted value (r = -0585; P < .05) and forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% (FEF25%-75% ) % predicted value (r = -.618; P < .01). Higher proportions of Tc1 (r = -.488; P < .05) and Tc17 (r = -.542; P < .05) were significantly correlated with a reduced FEF25%-75% % predicted value in M. pneumoniae-associated BO patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our comprehensive cytokines analysis of BAL T cells revealed correlations of IL-17-producing and IFN-γ-producing T cells with lung function, suggesting that increased T-cell subpopulations may play a role in M. pneumoniae-associated BO progression.
BACKGROUND:Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infection may progress to bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), with an underlying chronic inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytokine profiles in pulmonary T-lymphocytes and their associations with lung function in patients with BO following M. pneumoniaeinfection. METHODS: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were obtained from 10 controls and 18 children with M. pneumoniae-associated BO. We analyzed the BAL T cells for interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-9, IL-17, CD25, and Foxp3 by intercellular flow cytometry. The associations with T-cell subpopulations and lung function parameters were determined. RESULTS: In BAL fluid, significantly increased proportions of T-helper 1 (Th1), Th17, and Tc1 cells were found in M. pneumoniae-associated BO patients when compared with controls. The percentages of Th17 cells showed correlations with forced expiratory volume in 1 second % predicted value (r = -0585; P < .05) and forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% (FEF25%-75% ) % predicted value (r = -.618; P < .01). Higher proportions of Tc1 (r = -.488; P < .05) and Tc17 (r = -.542; P < .05) were significantly correlated with a reduced FEF25%-75% % predicted value in M. pneumoniae-associated BO patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our comprehensive cytokines analysis of BAL T cells revealed correlations of IL-17-producing and IFN-γ-producing T cells with lung function, suggesting that increased T-cell subpopulations may play a role in M. pneumoniae-associated BO progression.