| Literature DB >> 32476692 |
Dione Benjumea-Bedoya1,2, Diana M Marín1,3, Jaime Robledo3,4, Luis F Barrera5, Lucelly López1,3, Helena Del Corral1, Beatriz E Ferro6,7, Sonia L Villegas6,8, María Lilia Díaz9, Carlos A Rojas1, Luis F García5, María P Arbeláez1.
Abstract
AIM: To assess the risk of tuberculosis (infection and disease) in children less than 15 years' old who are household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in three Colombian cities (Medellín, Cali, and Popayán).Entities:
Keywords: Case finding; Contact screening; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Risk Factors; Sputum/microbiology; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; child; contact tracing; latent tuberculosis
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2019 PMID: 32476692 PMCID: PMC7232949 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v50i4.4185
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Colomb Med (Cali) ISSN: 0120-8322
Characteristics of children (<15 years old) household contacts of adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) by city, in three Colombian cities, 2005-2009.
| Characteristic | Medellín | Cali | Popayán | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n= 742 (%) | n= 216 (%) | n= 82 (%) | n= 1040 (%) | |
| Age in years | ||||
| <1 | 30 (4.0) | 9 (4.2) | 7 (8.5) | 46 (4.4) |
| 1-4 | 207 (27.9) | 59 (27.3) | 31 (37.8) | 297 (28.6) |
| 5-9 | 241 (32.5) | 72 (33.3) | 28 (34.1) | 341 (32.8) |
| 10-14 | 264 (35.6) | 76 (35.2) | 16 (19.5) | 356 (34.2) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 365 (49.2) | 97 (44.9) | 39 (47.6) | 501 (48.2) |
| Low socioeconomic stratum | ||||
| Yes | 551 (74.3) | 184 (85.2) | 80 (97.6) | 815 (78.4) |
| No information | 8 | 3 | 0 | 11 |
| Nutritional condition | ||||
| Normal | 427 (57.5) | 119 (55.1) | 46 (56.1) | 592 (56.9) |
| Underweight | 178 (24.0) | 57 (26.4) | 17 (20.7) | 252 (24.2) |
| Overeight | 129 (17.4) | 37 (17.1) | 19 (23.2) | 185 (17.8) |
| No information | 8 | 3 | 0 | 11 |
| BCG scar | ||||
| Yes | 626 (84.4) | 138 (63.9) | 69 (84.1) | 833 (80.1) |
| No information | 6 | 1 | 0 | 7 |
| History of another relative with TB* | ||||
| Yes | 256 (34.5) | 85 (39.4) | 37 (45.1) | 378 (36.3) |
| Proximity to the index case | ||||
| HHC slept in other household | 171 (23.0) | 36 (16.7) | 15 (18.3) | 222 (21.3) |
| HHC slept in same household | 340 (45.8) | 111 (51.4) | 38 (46.3) | 489 (47.0) |
| HHC slept in same room | 231 (31.1) | 69 (31.9) | 29 (35.4) | 329 (31.6) |
| Persons per room | ||||
| < 3 | 493 (66.8) | 137 (64.3) | 49 (59.8) | 679 (65.7) |
| ≥ 3 | 245 (33.2) | 76 (35.7) | 33 (40.2) | 354 (34.3) |
| Sputum smear load | ||||
| + | 287 (38.7) | 54 (25.1) | 18 (22.0) | 359 (34.6) |
| ++ | 192 (25.9) | 78 (36.3) | 33 (40.2) | 303 (29.2) |
| +++ | 263 (35.4) | 83 (38.6) | 31 (37.8) | 377 (36.3) |
| Exposure time | ||||
| ≤ 3 months | 487 (65.8) | 166 (76.9) | 49 (59.8) | 702 (67.6) |
| > 3 months | 253 (34.2) | 50 (23.1) | 33 (40.2) | 336 (32.4) |
HHC: household contact
* History of another relative with TB: had had any other relative with tuberculosis besides the identified index case in the cohort.
Associated characteristics to positive tuberculin skin test prevalence in children (<15 years old) household contacts of adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), in three Colombian cities, 2005-2009.
| Characteristic | N | Positive TST ( ≥5mm) | Positive TST ( ≥10 mm) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | PR | (95%CI)* | n (%) | PR | (95%CI)* | ||
| Age in years n(%) | |||||||
| <1 | 19 | 7 (36.8) | 0.81 | (0.4 - 1.6) | 2 (10.5) | 0.37 | (0.1 - 1.4) |
| 1-4 | 137 | 66 (48.2) | 1 | (0.8 - 1.3) | 55 (40.1) | 1.03 | (0.8 - 1.3) |
| 5-9 | 153 | 74 (48.4) | 1 | 59 (38.6) | 1 | ||
| 10-14 | 149 | 96 (64.4) |
| (1.1 - 1.6)† | 84 (56.4) |
| (1.1 - 1.9)‡ |
| Sex n (%) | |||||||
| Male | 244 | 125 (51.2) | 1 | 105 (43.0) | 1 | ||
| Female | 214 | 118 (55.1) | 1.17 | (1.0 - 1.4) | 95 (44.4) | 1.17 | (1.0 - 1.4) |
| Low socioeconomic stratum | |||||||
| No | 54 | 24 (44.4) | 1 | 23 (42.6) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 401 | 217 (54.1) | 1.04 | (0.7 - 1.7) | 175 (43.6) | 0.84 | (0.5 - 1.4) |
| Nutritional condition | |||||||
| Normal | 255 | 139 (54.5) | 1 | 111 (43.5) | 1 | ||
| Underweight | 125 | 68 (54.4) | 1.07 | (0.9 - 1.3) | 61 (48.8) |
| (1.0 - 1.6)† |
| Overeight | 75 | 35 (46.7) | 0.96 | (0.7 - 1.3) | 28 (37.3) | 0.97 | (0.7 - 1.4) |
| BCG scar | |||||||
| No | 109 | 48 (44.0) | 1 | 35 (32.1) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 346 | 193 (55.8) |
| (1.0 - 1.7)† | 163 (47.1) |
| (1.1 - 2.1)† |
| History of another relative with TB** | |||||||
| No | 289 | 152 (52.6) | 1 | 122 (42.2) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 169 | 91 (53.8) | 1.05 | (0.8 - 1.3) | 78 (46.2) | 1.1 | (0.8 - 1.4) |
| Proximity to the index case | |||||||
| HHC slept in other household | 99 | 42 (42.4) | 1 | 27 (27.3) | 1 | ||
| HHC slept in same household | 224 | 119 (53.1) | 1.25 | (0.9 - 1.7) | 100 (44.6) |
| (1.1 - 2.4)† |
| HHC slept in same room | 135 | 82 (60.7) | 1.34 | (1.0 - 1.8) | 73 (54.1) |
| (1.1 - 2.8)† |
| Persons per room | |||||||
| <3 | 289 | 137 (47.4) | 1 | 108 (37.4) | 1 | ||
| ≥3 | 166 | 104 (62.6) | 1.27 | (0.9 - 1.8) | 90 (54.2) | 1.44 | (0.9 - 2.2) |
| Sputum smear load | |||||||
| + or ++ | 296 | 161 (54.4) | 1 | 129 (43.6) | 1 | ||
| +++ | 161 | 82 (50.9) | 1.07 | (0.8 - 1.4) | 71 (44.1) | 1.23 | (0.9 - 1.7) |
| Exposure time | |||||||
| ≤3 months | 303 | 146 (48.2) | 1 | 115 (38.0) | 1 | ||
| >3 months | 155 | 97 (62.6) | 1.24 | (1.0 - 1.6) | 85 (54.8) |
| (1.0 - 1.8)† |
TST: Tuberculin Skin Test. HHC: household contact.
* PR: Prevalence Ratio adjusted by all the other variables in the table and adjusted by family and city intraclass correlation.
** History of another relative with TB: had had any other relative with tuberculosis besides the identified index case in the cohort.
† p <0.05
‡ p <0.01
Associated characteristics to Annual Risk of Infection in children household contacts of adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), in three Colombian cities, 2005-2009.
| Characteristic | ARI (baseline TST <5 mm)* | ARI (baseline TST <10 mm) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=173 | n (%) | RR | (95%CI)** | N=206 | n (%) | RR | (95%CI)** | |
| Age in years | ||||||||
| <5 | 68 | 5 (7.4) | 1 | 80 | 9(11.3) | 1 | ||
| 5-14 | 105 | 16 (15.2) | 2.07 | (0.8-5.3) | 126 | 26(20.6) | 1.83 | (0.9-3.6) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 97 | 10 (10.3) | 1 | 111 | 20(18.0) | 1 | ||
| Female | 76 | 11 (14.5) | 1.4 | (0.7-3.0) | 95 | 15(15.8) | 0.88 | (0.5-1.5) |
| Low socioeconomic stratum | ||||||||
| No | 25 | 5 (20.0) | 1 | 26 | 5(19.2) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 147 | 15 (10.2) | 0.51 | (0.2-1.4) | 179 | 29(16.2) | 0.84 | (0.3-2.3) |
| Nutritional condition | ||||||||
| Normal | 89 | 11 (12.4) | 1 | 111 | 22(19.8) | 1 | ||
| Underweight | 51 | 7 (13.7) | 1.11 | (0.5-2.5) | 55 | 8(14.5) | 0.73 | (0.4-1.5) |
| Overweight | 31 | 2 (6.5) | 0.52 | (0.1-1.9) | 37 | 4(10.8) | 0.55 | (0.2-1.4) |
| BCG scar | ||||||||
| No | 54 | 7 (13.0) | 1 | 62 | 11(17.7) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 118 | 14 (11.9) | 0.92 | (0.4-2.1) | 143 | 24(16.8) | 0.95 | (0.5-1.9) |
| History of another relative with TB† | ||||||||
| No | 114 | 17 (14.9) | 1 | 136 | 25(18.4) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 59 | 4 (6.8) | 0.46 | (0.2-1.4) | 70 | 10(14.3) | 0.78 | (0.3-1.8) |
| Proximity to the index case | ||||||||
| HHC slept in other household | 47 | 6 (12.8) | 1 | 59 | 11(18.6) | 1 | ||
| HHC slept in same household | 126 | 15 (11.9) | 0.93 | (0.4-2.5) | 147 | 24(16.3) | 0.88 | (0.4-1.8) |
| Persons per room | ||||||||
| <3 | 115 | 15 (13.0) | 1 | 136 | 26(19.1) | 1 | ||
| ≥3 | 57 | 6 (10.5) | 0.81 | (0.3-2.4) | 69 | 9(13.0) | 0.68 | (0.3-1.6) |
| Sputum smear load | ||||||||
| + or ++ | 109 | 9 (8.3) | 1 | 132 | 17(12.9) | 1 | ||
| +++ | 63 | 12 (19.0) | 2.31 | (0.9-5.7) | 73 | 18(24.7) | 1.91 | (0.9-3.9) |
| Exposure time | ||||||||
| ≤3 months | 131 | 17 (13.0) | 1 | 155 | 24(15.5) | 1 | ||
| >3 months | 42 | 4 (9.5) | 0.73 | (0.2-2.6) | 51 | 11(21.6) | 1.39 | (0.6-3.0) |
TST: Tuberculin skin Test. ARI: Annual Risk of Infection (increase ≥6 mm). HHC: household contact.
* Does not include 33 children with a baseline TST ≥10 mm
** RR: Risk Ratio adjusted by family and city intraclass correlation.
† History of another relative with TB: had had any other relative with tuberculosis besides the identified index case in the cohort.
‡ p<0.05
Figure 1Flow chart of active tuberculosis cases by initial tuberculin skin test result (cutoff point 5 mm) and one year later (infection incidence: increase of 6 mm or more compare to initial tuberculin skin test). TST: Tuberculin Skin Test. TB: tuberculosis.
Figure 2Risk to develop active tuberculosis by age group in children household contacts of adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, in three Colombian cities, 2005-2009. Log-rank= 10.10, p= 0.006. Age groups 5-9 and 10-14 years were grouped in one because they had a similar trend.
Associated characteristics to active tuberculosis (TB) incidence in children household contacts of adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, in three Colombian cities, 2005-2009.
| Characteristics | TB incidence | Total | HR | (95%CI)* § |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | N | |||
| Age in years n(%) | ||||
| <5 | 17 (5.0) | 343 |
| (1.3-4.9)‡ |
| 5-14 | 14 (2.0) | 697 | 1 | |
| Sex n (%) | ||||
| Male | 16 (3.0) | 539 | 1 | |
| Female | 15 (3.0) | 501 | 0.99 | (0.5-1.9) |
| Low socioeconomic stratum | ||||
| No | 4 (1.9) | 214 | 1 | |
| Yes | 26 (3.2) | 815 | 1.69 | (0.5-6.1) |
| Nutritional condition | ||||
| Normal | 18 (3.0) | 592 | 1 | |
| Underweight | 6 (2.4) | 252 | 0.8 | (0.3-2.0) |
| Overeight | 6 (3.2) | 185 | 1.04 | (0.3-3.3) |
| BCG scar | ||||
| No | 12 (6.0) | 200 | 1 | |
| Yes | 19 (2.3) | 833 |
| (0.2-0.7)‡ |
| History of another relative with TB** | ||||
| No | 24 (3.6) | 662 | 1 | |
| yes | 7 (1.9) | 378 | 0.5 | (0.2-1.4) |
| Proximity to the index case | ||||
| HHC slept in other household | 3 (1.4) | 222 | 1 | |
| HHC slept in same household | 28 (3.4) | 818 | 2.56 | (0.9-7.5) |
| Persons per room | ||||
| <3 | 12 (1.8) | 679 | 1 | |
| ≥3 | 18 (5.1) | 354 |
| (1.2-7.3)† |
| Sputum smear load | ||||
| + or ++ | 21 (3.2) | 662 | 1 | |
| +++ | 10 (2.7) | 377 | 0.84 | (0.3-2.1) |
| Exposure time (months) | ||||
| ≤3 | 23 (3.3) | 702 | 1 | |
| >3 | 8 (2.4) | 336 | 0.75 | (0.3-2.0) |
| Initial tuberculin skin test (mm) | ||||
| 0-4 | 2 (0.9) | 215 | 1 | |
| 5-9 | 3 (7.0) | 43 |
| (2.5-29.2)‡ |
| ≥10 | 15 (7.5) | 200 |
| (2.0-32.9)‡ |
* HR: Hazard Ratio adjusted by family and city intraclass correlation.
** History of another relative with TB: had had any other relative with tuberculosis besides the identified index case in the cohort.
† p <0.05
‡ p <0.01
Age in years HR stratified by BCG scar and adjusted by the history of another relative with TB, proximity to the index case, and persons per room: without scar HR= 6.00 (95% CI: 1.3-28.3, p: 0.024), with scar HR= 1.33 (95% CI: 0.5-3.4, p: 0.559).
Características de niños (<15 años) convivientes con pacientes adultos con tuberculosis (TB) pulmonar por ciudad, en tres ciudades colombianas, 2005-2009.
| Caracteristicas | Medellín | Cali | Popayán | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n= 742 (%) | n= 216 (%) | n= 82 (%) | n= 1040 (%) | |
| Edad en años | ||||
| < 1 | 30 (4.0) | 9 (4.2) | 7 (8.5) | 46 (4.4) |
| 1-4 | 207 (27.9) | 59 (27.3) | 31 (37.8) | 297 (28.6) |
| 5-9 | 241 (32.5) | 72 (33.3) | 28 (34.1) | 341 (32.8) |
| 10-14 | 264 (35.6) | 76 (35.2) | 16 (19.5) | 356 (34.2) |
| Sexo | ||||
| Femenino | 365 (49.2) | 97 (44.9) | 39 (47.6) | 501 (48.2) |
| Estrato socioeconomico bajo | ||||
| Si | 551 (74.3) | 184 (85.2) | 80 (97.6) | 815 (78.4) |
| Sin información | 8 | 3 | 0 | 11 |
| Condición nutricional | ||||
| Normal | 427 (57.5) | 119 (55.1) | 46 (56.1) | 592 (56.9) |
| Bajo peso | 178 (24.0) | 57 (26.4) | 17 (20.7) | 252 (24.2) |
| Sobrepeso | 129 (17.4) | 37 (17.1) | 19 (23.2) | 185 (17.8) |
| Sin información | 8 | 3 | 0 | 11 |
| Cicatriz BCG | ||||
| Si | 626 (84.4) | 138 (63.9) | 69 (84.1) | 833 (80.1) |
| Sin información | 6 | 1 | 0 | 7 |
| Historia de otro familiar con TB* | ||||
| Si | 256 (34.5) | 85 (39.4) | 37 (45.1) | 378 (36.3) |
| Proximidad al caso índice | ||||
| Conv. duerme en otro hogar | 171 (23.0) | 36 (16.7) | 15 (18.3) | 222 (21.3) |
| Conv. duerme en el mismo hogar | 340 (45.8) | 111 (51.4) | 38 (46.3) | 489 (47.0) |
| Conv. duerme en el mismo cuarto | 231 (31.1) | 69 (31.9) | 29 (35.4) | 329 (31.6) |
| Personas por cuarto | ||||
| <3 | 493 (66.8) | 137 (64.3) | 49 (59.8) | 679 (65.7) |
| ≥3 | 245 (33.2) | 76 (35.7) | 33 (40.2) | 354 (34.3) |
| Carga bacilar | ||||
| + | 287 (38.7) | 54 (25.1) | 18 (22.0) | 359 (34.6) |
| ++ | 192 (25.9) | 78 (36.3) | 33 (40.2) | 303 (29.2) |
| +++ | 263 (35.4) | 83 (38.6) | 31 (37.8) | 377 (36.3) |
| Tiempo de exposición (meses) | ||||
| ≤3 | 487 (65.8) | 166 (76.9) | 49 (59.8) | 702 (67.6) |
| >3 | 253 (34.2) | 50 (23.1) | 33 (40.2) | 336 (32.4) |
Conv.: Conviviente.
* Historia de otro familiar con tuberculosis: ha tenido algún otro familiar con tuberculosis además del identificado como caso índice en la cohorte.
Características asociadas con la prevalencia de prueba de tuberculina positiva en niños (<15 años) convivientes con pacientes adultos con tuberculosis (TB) pulmonar, en tres ciudades colombianas, 2005-2009.
| Caracteristicas | N | TST Positiva ( ≥5mm) | TST Positiva ( ≥10 mm) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | RP | (IC 95%)* | n (%) | RP | (IC95%)* | ||
| Edad en años n(%) | |||||||
| <1 | 19 | 7 (36.8) | 0.81 | (0.4 - 1.6) | 2 (10.5) | 0.37 | (0.1 - 1.4) |
| 1-4 | 137 | 66 (48.2) | 1 | (0.8 - 1.3) | 55 (40.1) | 1.03 | (0.8 - 1.3) |
| 5-9 | 153 | 74 (48.4) | 1 | 59 (38.6) | 1 | ||
| 10-14 | 149 | 96 (64.4) | (1.1 - 1.6)† | 84 (56.4) | (1.1 - 1.9)‡ | ||
| Sexo n (%) | |||||||
| Masculino | 244 | 125 (51.2) | 1 | 105 (43.0) | 1 | ||
| Femenino | 214 | 118 (55.1) | 1.17 | (1.0 - 1.4) | 95 (44.4) | 1.17 | (1.0 - 1.4) |
| Estrato socioeconomico bajo | |||||||
| No | 54 | 24 (44.4) | 1 | 23 (42.6) | 1 | ||
| Si | 401 | 217 (54.1) | 1.04 | (0.7 - 1.7) | 175 (43.6) | 0.84 | (0.5 - 1.4) |
| Condición nutricional | |||||||
| Normal | 255 | 139 (54.5) | 1 | 111 (43.5) | 1 | ||
| Bajo peso | 125 | 68 (54.4) | 1.07 | (0.9 - 1.3) | 61 (48.8) | (1.0 - 1.6)† | |
| Sobre peso | 75 | 35 (46.7) | 0.96 | (0.7 - 1.3) | 28 (37.3) | 0.97 | (0.7 - 1.4) |
| Cicatriz BCG | |||||||
| No | 109 | 48 (44.0) | 1 | 35 (32.1) | 1 | ||
| Si | 346 | 193 (55.8) | (1.0 - 1.7)† | 163 (47.1) | (1.1 - 2.1)† | ||
| Historia de otro familiar con TB** | |||||||
| No | 289 | 152 (52.6) | 1 | 122 (42.2) | 1 | ||
| Si | 169 | 91 (53.8) | 1.05 | (0.8 - 1.3) | 78 (46.2) | 1.1 | (0.8 - 1.4) |
| Proximidad al caso índice | |||||||
| Conv. duerme en otro hogar | 99 | 42 (42.4) | 1 | 27 (27.3) | 1 | ||
| Conv. duerme en el mismo hogar | 224 | 119 (53.1) | 1.25 | (0.9 - 1.7) | 100 (44.6) | (1.1 - 2.4)† | |
| Conv. duerme en el mismo cuarto | 135 | 82 (60.7) | 1.34 | (1.0 - 1.8) | 73 (54.1) | (1.1 - 2.8)† | |
| Personas por cuarto | |||||||
| <3 | 289 | 137 (47.4) | 1 | 108 (37.4) | 1 | ||
| ≥3 | 166 | 104 (62.6) | 1.27 | (0.9 - 1.8) | 90 (54.2) | 1.44 | (0.9 - 2.2) |
| Carga bacilar | |||||||
| + o ++ | 296 | 161 (54.4) | 1 | 129 (43.6) | 1 | ||
| +++ | 161 | 82 (50.9) | 1.07 | (0.8 - 1.4) | 71 (44.1) | 1.23 | (0.9 - 1.7) |
| Tiempo de Exposición (meses) | |||||||
| ≤3 | 303 | 146 (48.2) | 1 | 115 (38.0) | 1 | ||
| >3 | 155 | 97 (62.6) | 1.24 | (1.0 - 1.6) | 85 (54.8) | (1.0 - 1.8)† | |
TST: Prueba de tuberculina. Conv.: Conviviente.
* RP: Razón de Prevalencia ajustada por todas las demás variables de la table y ajustada por la correlación intraclase familia y ciudad.
** Historia de otro familiar con TB: ha tenido algún otro familiar con tuberculosis además del identificado como caso índice en la cohorte.
† p <0.05
‡ p <0.01
Características asociadas con el riesgo anual de infección en niños convivientes con pacientes adultos con tuberculosis (TB) pulmonar, en tres ciudades colombianas, 2005-2009.
| Caracteristicas | RAI (TST inicial <5 mm)* | RAI (TST inicial <10 mm) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=173 | n (%) | RR | (95%CI)** | N=206 | n (%) | RR | (95%CI)** | |
| Edad en años | ||||||||
| <5 | 68 | 5 (7.4) | 1 | 80 | 9(11.3) | 1 | ||
| 5-14 | 105 | 16 (15.2) | 2.07 | (0.8-5.3) | 126 | 26(20.6) | 1.83 | (0.9-3.6) |
| Sexo | ||||||||
| Masculino | 97 | 10 (10.3) | 1 | 111 | 20(18.0) | 1 | ||
| Femenino | 76 | 11 (14.5) | 1.4 | (0.7-3.0) | 95 | 15(15.8) | 0.88 | (0.5-1.5) |
| Estrato socioeconomico bajo | ||||||||
| No | 25 | 5 (20.0) | 1 | 26 | 5(19.2) | 1 | ||
| Si | 147 | 15 (10.2) | 0.51 | (0.2-1.4) | 179 | 29(16.2) | 0.84 | (0.3-2.3) |
| Condición nutricional | ||||||||
| Normal | 89 | 11 (12.4) | 1 | 111 | 22(19.8) | 1 | ||
| Bajo peso | 51 | 7 (13.7) | 1.11 | (0.5-2.5) | 55 | 8(14.5) | 0.73 | (0.4-1.5) |
| Sobrepeso | 31 | 2 (6.5) | 0.52 | (0.1-1.9) | 37 | 4(10.8) | 0.55 | (0.2-1.4) |
| Cicatriz BCG | ||||||||
| No | 54 | 7 (13.0) | 1 | 62 | 11(17.7) | 1 | ||
| Si | 118 | 14 (11.9) | 0.92 | (0.4-2.1) | 143 | 24(16.8) | 0.95 | (0.5-1.9) |
| Historia de otro familiar con TB† | ||||||||
| No | 114 | 17 (14.9) | 1 | 136 | 25(18.4) | 1 | ||
| Si | 59 | 4 (6.8) | 0.46 | (0.2-1.4) | 70 | 10(14.3) | 0.78 | (0.3-1.8) |
| Proximidad al caso índice | ||||||||
| Conv. duerme en otro hogar | 47 | 6 (12.8) | 1 | 59 | 11(18.6) | 1 | ||
| Conv. duerme en el mismo hogar | 126 | 15 (11.9) | 0.93 | (0.4-2.5) | 147 | 24(16.3) | 0.88 | (0.4-1.8) |
| Personas por cuarto | ||||||||
| <3 | 115 | 15 (13.0) | 1 | 136 | 26(19.1) | 1 | ||
| ≥3 | 57 | 6 (10.5) | 0.81 | (0.3-2.4) | 69 | 9(13.0) | 0.68 | (0.3-1.6) |
| carga bacilar | ||||||||
| + o ++ | 109 | 9 (8.3) | 1 | 132 | 17(12.9) | 1 | ||
| +++ | 63 | 12 (19.0) | 2.31 | (0.9-5.7) | 73 | 18(24.7) | 1.91 | (0.9-3.9) |
| Tiempo de exposición (meses) | ||||||||
| ≤3 | 131 | 17 (13.0) | 1 | 155 | 24(15.5) | 1 | ||
| >3 | 42 | 4 (9.5) | 0.73 | (0.2-2.6) | 51 | 11(21.6) | 1.39 | (0.6-3.0) |
TST: Prueba de tuberculina. RAI: Riesgo Anual de Infección (incremento ≥6 mm). Conv.: Conviviente.
* No incluye 33 niños con TST inicial ≥10 mm
** RR: Historia de otro familiar con TB: ha tenido algún otro familiar con tuberculosis además del identificado como caso índice en la cohorte.
‡ p <0.05
Figura 1Flujograma de casos de tuberculosis activa según resultado de prueba de tuberculina inicial (punto de corte 5 mm) y un año después (incidencia de infección: incremento de 6 mm o más comparado con la prueba de tuberculina inicial). TST: Prueba de tuberculina. TB: tuberculosis.
Figura 2Riesgo de desarrollar tuberculosis activa por grupo de edad en niños convivientes con pacientes con tuberculosis (TB) pulmonar, en tres ciudades colombianas, 2005-2009. Log-rank= 10.10, p= 0.006. Los grupos de edad 5-9 años y 10-14 años fueron agrupados en uno debido a que presentan una tendencia similar.
Características asociadas a la incidencia de tuberculosis (TB) activa en convivientes con pacientes adultos con tuberculosis pulmonar, en tres ciudades colombianas, 2005-2009.
| Caracteristicas | incidencia TB | Total | HR | (IC 95%)* § |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | N | |||
| Edad en años n(%) | ||||
| <5 | 17 (5.0) | 343 | (1.3-4.9)‡ | |
| 5-14 | 14 (2.0) | 697 | 1 | |
| Sexo n (%) | ||||
| Masculino | 16 (3.0) | 539 | 1 | |
| Femenino | 15 (3.0) | 501 | 0.99 | (0.5-1.9) |
| Estrato socioeconomico bajo | ||||
| No | 4 (1.9) | 214 | 1 | |
| Si | 26 (3.2) | 815 | 1.69 | (0.5-6.1) |
| Condición nutricional | ||||
| Normal | 18 (3.0) | 592 | 1 | |
| Bajo peso | 6 (2.4) | 252 | 0.8 | (0.3-2.0) |
| Sobrepeso | 6 (3.2) | 185 | 1.04 | (0.3-3.3) |
| Cicatriz BCG | ||||
| No | 12 (6.0) | 200 | 1 | |
| Si | 19 (2.3) | 833 | (0.2-0.7)‡ | |
| Historia de otro familiar con TB** | ||||
| No | 24 (3.6) | 662 | 1 | |
| Si | 7 (1.9) | 378 | 0.5 | (0.2-1.4) |
| Proximidad al caso índece | ||||
| Conv. duerme en otro hogar | 3 (1.4) | 222 | 1 | |
| Conv. duerme en el mismo hogar | 28 (3.4) | 818 | 2.56 | (0.9-7.5) |
| Personas por cuarto | ||||
| <3 | 12 (1.8) | 679 | 1 | |
| ≥3 | 18 (5.1) | 354 | (1.2-7.3)† | |
| Carga bacilar | ||||
| + o ++ | 21 (3.2) | 662 | 1 | |
| +++ | 10 (2.7) | 377 | 0.84 | (0.3-2.1) |
| Tiempo de exposición (meses) | ||||
| ≤3 | 23 (3.3) | 702 | 1 | |
| >3 | 8 (2.4) | 336 | 0.75 | (0.3-2.0) |
| Prueba de tuberculina inicial (mm) | ||||
| 0-4 | 2 (0.9) | 215 | 1 | |
| 5-9 | 3 (7.0) | 43 | (2.5-29.2)‡ | |
| ≥10 | 15 (7.5) | 200 | (2.0-32.9)‡ | |
Conv.: Conviviente
* HR: Razón de Peligro ajustada por la correlación intraclase familia y ciudad.
** Historia de otro familiar con TB: ha tenido algún otro familiar con tuberculosis además del identificado como caso índice en la cohorte.
† p <0.05
‡ p <0.01
HR por edad en años estratificado por cicatriz BCG y ajustado por historia de otro familiar con TB, proximidad al caso índice, y personas por cuarto: sin cicatriz HR= 6.00 (CI 95%: 1.3-28.3, p: 0.024), con cicatriz HR= 1.33 (CI 95%: 0.5-3.4, p: 0.559).
| 1 |
| Contact investigation is a key strategy in tuberculosis control programs. Children who are contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis cases have a higher risk of developing active tuberculosis. However, childhood tuberculosis is still a major public health issue, and there was not much population data from exposed children to tuberculosis in Colombia. |
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| Household tuberculosis exposed children have high annual risks of infection and disease development. BCG vaccination protection is reasserted for moderate prevalence conditions, especially for the youngest. Tuberculosis transmission chain is not being cut in time and this limits control efficacy. |
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| First study in Colombia that assessed risk of tuberculosis (infection and disease) among household contact children. Findings of present study allowed to prolong the follow-up time to household contacts seeking active disease, and promoting isoniazid preventive therapy in guidelines for children age <5 years in Colombia. |
| 1 |
| La investigación de contactos es una estrategia clave en los programas de control de tuberculosis. Los niños que son contactos de casos de tuberculosis pulmonar tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar tuberculosis activa. Sin embargo, la tuberculosis infantil sigue siendo un problema importante de salud pública, y no había muchos datos de población de niños expuestos a la tuberculosis en Colombia. |
| Los niños expuestos a tuberculosis en el hogar tienen un riesgo anual alto de infección y de desarrollo de enfermedad. La protección de la vacuna BCG se reafirma para condiciones de prevalencia moderada, especialmente para los más jóvenes. La cadena de transmisión de la tuberculosis no se está cortando a tiempo y esto limita la eficacia del control. |
| Es el primer estudio en Colombia que evaluó el riesgo de tuberculosis (infección y enfermedad) en niños con contacto domiciliario. Los hallazgos del presente estudio permitieron prolongar el tiempo de seguimiento a los contactos domiciliarios buscando la enfermedad, y promover la terapia preventiva con isoniazida en las guías para niños menores de 5 años en Colombia. |