Effect of Chitosan oligosaccharides on ischemic symptom and gut microbiota disbalance in mice with hindlimb ischemia.

This study was designed to explore the effect of Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on mouse hindlimb ischemia by femoral artery ligation. Here, we demonstrated that COS treatment statistically promoted the blood perfusion and neovascularization in ischemic hindlimb of mice, accompanied by the suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress. By 16S rDNA gene sequencing, the disbalanced gut microbiota was observed in ischemic mice, while COS treatment, at least in part, restored the abundance changes of some intestinal bacteria at either phylum or genus levels. Based on metabolomics analysis on mouse plasma by UPLC-QTOF-MS, we screened 20 metabolites with the largest responses to ischemia, several of which were markedly reversed by COS. By Spearman's correlation analysis, the changed metabolites might act as a bridge between improved intestinal bacterial structure and alleviated hindlimb ischemia of mice treated by COS. Our studies point towards a potential role of COS in treatment of peripheral ischemia diseases.