Bayu Satria Wiratama1, Ping-Ling Chen2, Shiao-Tzu Ma3, Yi-Hua Chen4, Wafaa Saleh5, Hui-An Lin6, Chih-Wei Pai7. 1. Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Electronic address: Bayu.satria@ugm.ac.id. 2. Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: plchen@tmu.edu.tw. 3. Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: emmamailtw@gmail.com. 4. Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, New Taipei City Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan. Electronic address: angeluse1234@gmail.com. 5. Transport Research Institute, Edinburgh Napier University, Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Engineering, Princess Nora bint Abdul Rahman University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: w.saleh@napier.ac.uk. 6. Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan. Electronic address: sevenofking219@gmail.com. 7. Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: cpai@tmu.edu.tw.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Alcohol-involved riders tend to engage in other risk-taking behaviours such as un-helmeted riding which could further increases injury severity. The combined effect of alcohol-involved and un-helmeted riding on fatal injuries is rarely investigated. This study investigated the interaction effect between blood alcohol concentration and helmet use on fatal injuries. METHODS: This study used the National Taiwan Traffic Crash Dataset for the period from 2011 to 2015. Data on road crashes involving a motorcycle and an automobile were extracted and analysed. Multiple logistic regression models were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (AOR). We calculated an interaction effect for blood alcohol concentration and helmet use based on STROBE guidelines. RESULTS: There were a total of 669,292 motorcyclist casualties; among these casualties, 3459 (0.5 %) motorcyclists sustained fatal injuries. Alcohol-involved riders were 9.47 times (AOR = 9.47; 95 % CI = 8.75-10.25) more likely than sober ones to sustain fatal injuries. Alcohol-involved and un-helmeted riders were approximately 18 times (AOR = 18.1; CI: 15.9-20.4) more likely to sustain fatal injuries than sober and helmeted riders. Riders involved in head-on crashes and approach-turn motorcycle crashes had an increased probability of sustaining fatal injuries by 240 % (AOR = 3.4; 95 % CI = 2.91-4.09) and 132 % (AOR = 2.3; 95 % CI = 2.016-2.67), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that alcohol-involved riding acts synergistically with un-helmeted riding to increase motorcyclist injury severity.
BACKGROUND:Alcohol-involved riders tend to engage in other risk-taking behaviours such as un-helmeted riding which could further increases injury severity. The combined effect of alcohol-involved and un-helmeted riding on fatal injuries is rarely investigated. This study investigated the interaction effect between blood alcohol concentration and helmet use on fatal injuries. METHODS: This study used the National Taiwan Traffic Crash Dataset for the period from 2011 to 2015. Data on road crashes involving a motorcycle and an automobile were extracted and analysed. Multiple logistic regression models were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (AOR). We calculated an interaction effect for blood alcohol concentration and helmet use based on STROBE guidelines. RESULTS: There were a total of 669,292 motorcyclist casualties; among these casualties, 3459 (0.5 %) motorcyclists sustained fatal injuries. Alcohol-involved riders were 9.47 times (AOR = 9.47; 95 % CI = 8.75-10.25) more likely than sober ones to sustain fatal injuries. Alcohol-involved and un-helmeted riders were approximately 18 times (AOR = 18.1; CI: 15.9-20.4) more likely to sustain fatal injuries than sober and helmeted riders. Riders involved in head-on crashes and approach-turn motorcycle crashes had an increased probability of sustaining fatal injuries by 240 % (AOR = 3.4; 95 % CI = 2.91-4.09) and 132 % (AOR = 2.3; 95 % CI = 2.016-2.67), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that alcohol-involved riding acts synergistically with un-helmeted riding to increase motorcyclist injury severity.
Authors: Bayu Satria Wiratama; Ping-Ling Chen; Liang-Hao Chen; Wafaa Saleh; Shang-Ku Chen; Hui-Tsai Chen; Hui-An Lin; Chih-Wei Pai Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-01-01 Impact factor: 3.390
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