Akanibo Da-Wariboko1, Adi Lador1, Liliana Tavares1, Amish S Dave1, Paul A Schurmann1, Pter Peichl2, Josef Kautzner2, Giorgi Papiashvili3, Miguel Valderrábano4. 1. Division of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas. 2. Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic. 3. Arrhythmia Unit, Jo Ann Medical Center, Tbilisi, Georgia. 4. Division of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas. Electronic address: mvalderrabano@houstonmethodist.org.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Venous ethanol infusion via an occlusive balloon has been used as a bailout approach to treat ablation-refractory ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). Unfavorable venous anatomy (lack of intramural veins at the targeted site or collateral vein-ethanol shunting) limits its efficacy. Blocking collateral flow with a second balloon may optimize myocardial ethanol delivery. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to validate the "double-balloon" approach to enhance ethanol delivery in cases of unfavorable venous anatomy. METHODS: Eight patients referred after failed ablations (3 left ventricular [LV] summit, 5 scar-related ventricular tachycardia) underwent endocardial mapping and additional radiofrequency ablation without VA resolution. Coronary veins were mapped using a multipolar catheter or wire, and selective venograms were obtained. The double balloon was used when (1) distal collateral branches shunted flow away from the targeted region; (2) the target vein had optimal signals only proximally; or (3) a large vein was targeted that had multiple branches for a large area of interest. RESULTS: Acute successful ethanol infusion myocardial delivery and resolution of VA was accomplished using the posterolateral LV veins (n = 2 patients, 3 procedures), lateral LV vein (n = 1), apical anterior interventricular vein (AIV; n = 1), middle cardiac vein (n = 1), and septal branches of the AIV (n = 3). At median follow-up of 313.5 days, 2 patients experienced recurrence. CONCLUSION: The double-balloon technique can enhance ethanol delivery to target isolated vein segments, block collateral flow, or target extensive areas, and can expand the utility of venous ethanol for treatment of VAs.
BACKGROUND: Venous ethanol infusion via an occlusive balloon has been used as a bailout approach to treat ablation-refractory ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). Unfavorable venous anatomy (lack of intramural veins at the targeted site or collateral vein-ethanol shunting) limits its efficacy. Blocking collateral flow with a second balloon may optimize myocardial ethanol delivery. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to validate the "double-balloon" approach to enhance ethanol delivery in cases of unfavorable venous anatomy. METHODS: Eight patients referred after failed ablations (3 left ventricular [LV] summit, 5 scar-related ventricular tachycardia) underwent endocardial mapping and additional radiofrequency ablation without VA resolution. Coronary veins were mapped using a multipolar catheter or wire, and selective venograms were obtained. The double balloon was used when (1) distal collateral branches shunted flow away from the targeted region; (2) the target vein had optimal signals only proximally; or (3) a large vein was targeted that had multiple branches for a large area of interest. RESULTS: Acute successful ethanol infusion myocardial delivery and resolution of VA was accomplished using the posterolateral LV veins (n = 2 patients, 3 procedures), lateral LV vein (n = 1), apical anterior interventricular vein (AIV; n = 1), middle cardiac vein (n = 1), and septal branches of the AIV (n = 3). At median follow-up of 313.5 days, 2 patients experienced recurrence. CONCLUSION: The double-balloon technique can enhance ethanol delivery to target isolated vein segments, block collateral flow, or target extensive areas, and can expand the utility of venous ethanol for treatment of VAs.
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