Application of phage therapy: Synergistic effect of phage EcSw (ΦEcSw) and antibiotic combination towards antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli.

Bacteriophage therapy is acknowledged as a potential tool to prevent or treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. In this study, our major focus was on the bacteriolytic activity of phage EcSw (ΦEcSw) against the emergence of the clinically important Escherichia coli Sw1 and E. coli O157:H7. The amount of the antibiotics was changed in a concentration-dependent manner, and the ΦEcSw susceptibility to antibiotics was determined. The kanamycin and chloramphenicol inhibited the titre of phage, but ampicillin did not show phage inhibition. Though the kanamycin and chloramphenicol controlled the growth of Sw1 in a concentration-dependent manner, the ampicillin did not due to the resistance. The combined activity of the ΦEcSw with antibiotics (kanamycin and chloramphenicol) compared with the antibiotics alone showed significant lytic activity p < .001). In addition, phage-based therapy was evaluated for controlling the multidrug-resistant E. coli Sw1 and E. coli O157:H7 in zebrafish and BALB/c mice, respectively. Our results provide novel advantages of phage therapy and phage-antibiotic therapy to control antibiotic-resistant bacteria.