Jun Young Choi1, Hyun Il Lee1, Jong Hun Kim1, Jin Soo Suh2. 1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inje University, Ilsan Paik Hospital, 170 Juhwa-ro, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. 2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inje University, Ilsan Paik Hospital, 170 Juhwa-ro, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Electronic address: sjs0506@paik.ac.kr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The primary aim of this study was to determine the mean values for three of the most common parameters measured to assess hindfoot alignment in asymptomatic subjects: hindfoot alignment angle (HAA), hindfoot alignment ratio (HAR), and hindfoot moment arm (HMA). The secondary aim was to evaluate the mean value of each parameter according to age and sex. METHODS: We assessed 1128 asymptomatic subjects from January 2014 to June 2019. HAA, HAR and HMA were measured to evaluate the degree of hindfoot varus or valgus deviation on the hindfoot alignment view, described by Saltzman and el-Khoury. All subjects were divided into subgroups according to sex and age (<45 years versus ≥45 years). RESULTS: The overall mean HAA, HAR, and HMA were -4.07 ± 3.48°, 0.21 ± 0.15, and -6.12 ± 5.22 mm, respectively. Female subjects ≥45 years old had the largest valgus deviation (HAA, -7.08 ± 6.34°; HAR 0.09 ± 0.25; HMA, -10.58 ± 11.46 mm). CONCLUSIONS: HAA, HAR, and HMA evaluation revealed that asymptomatic subjects had a hindfoot alignment with valgus deviation. Furthermore, the degree of valgus deviation was the largest in female subjects aged ≥45 years. We hope that the results of our study will be helpful to inform other researchers about the usefulness of these parameters as references.
BACKGROUND: The primary aim of this study was to determine the mean values for three of the most common parameters measured to assess hindfoot alignment in asymptomatic subjects: hindfoot alignment angle (HAA), hindfoot alignment ratio (HAR), and hindfoot moment arm (HMA). The secondary aim was to evaluate the mean value of each parameter according to age and sex. METHODS: We assessed 1128 asymptomatic subjects from January 2014 to June 2019. HAA, HAR and HMA were measured to evaluate the degree of hindfoot varus or valgus deviation on the hindfoot alignment view, described by Saltzman and el-Khoury. All subjects were divided into subgroups according to sex and age (<45 years versus ≥45 years). RESULTS: The overall mean HAA, HAR, and HMA were -4.07 ± 3.48°, 0.21 ± 0.15, and -6.12 ± 5.22 mm, respectively. Female subjects ≥45 years old had the largest valgus deviation (HAA, -7.08 ± 6.34°; HAR 0.09 ± 0.25; HMA, -10.58 ± 11.46 mm). CONCLUSIONS: HAA, HAR, and HMA evaluation revealed that asymptomatic subjects had a hindfoot alignment with valgus deviation. Furthermore, the degree of valgus deviation was the largest in female subjects aged ≥45 years. We hope that the results of our study will be helpful to inform other researchers about the usefulness of these parameters as references.
Authors: K P Iyengar; C A Azzopardi; J Fitzpatrick; T Hill; S Haleem; H Panchal; R Botchu Journal: Skeletal Radiol Date: 2022-02-10 Impact factor: 2.199