Rizwana Amin1, Amna Iqbal2, Farooq Naeem3, Muhammad Irfan4. 1. Department of Professional Psychology, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2. Department of Applied Psychology, Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan, Pakistan. 3. University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, Canada. 4. Department of Mental Health, Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, Peshawar Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Social anxiety is common among adolescents in Pakistan and is associated with low self-esteem. Among the recommended treatments, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective, and self-help approaches are encouraged. AIM: To determine the effectiveness of culturally adapted CBT-based guided self-help (CACBT-GSH) intervention, using a manual 'Khushi aur Khatoon', for treating social anxiety when added to treatment as usual (TAU) compared with TAU only. METHOD: A total of 76 adolescents with social anxiety aged 13-16 years from six schools in Multan, Pakistan were recruited into this randomized controlled trial. Participants were divided into intervention and control groups in a 1:1 ratio. Social anxiety, self-esteem and fear of negative evaluation were assessed through the Liebowtiz Social Anxiety Scale for children and adolescents, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation, respectively, at baseline and at the end of the study. Guided self-help using culturally adapted CBT (CACBT)-based self-help manual (eight sessions, one session per week) was provided to the intervention group. The effect of the CACBT-GSH intervention was analysed with ANCOVA. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the intervention and the control groups in favour of intervention. Participants in the intervention group showed reduced symptoms of social anxiety (p < .001), fear of negative evaluation (p < .001) and enhanced self-esteem (p < .001). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated the effectiveness of CACBT-based guided self-help intervention in treating social anxiety and addressing the symptoms associated with it.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Social anxiety is common among adolescents in Pakistan and is associated with low self-esteem. Among the recommended treatments, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective, and self-help approaches are encouraged. AIM: To determine the effectiveness of culturally adapted CBT-based guided self-help (CACBT-GSH) intervention, using a manual 'Khushi aur Khatoon', for treating social anxiety when added to treatment as usual (TAU) compared with TAU only. METHOD: A total of 76 adolescents with social anxiety aged 13-16 years from six schools in Multan, Pakistan were recruited into this randomized controlled trial. Participants were divided into intervention and control groups in a 1:1 ratio. Social anxiety, self-esteem and fear of negative evaluation were assessed through the Liebowtiz Social Anxiety Scale for children and adolescents, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation, respectively, at baseline and at the end of the study. Guided self-help using culturally adapted CBT (CACBT)-based self-help manual (eight sessions, one session per week) was provided to the intervention group. The effect of the CACBT-GSH intervention was analysed with ANCOVA. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the intervention and the control groups in favour of intervention. Participants in the intervention group showed reduced symptoms of social anxiety (p < .001), fear of negative evaluation (p < .001) and enhanced self-esteem (p < .001). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated the effectiveness of CACBT-based guided self-help intervention in treating social anxiety and addressing the symptoms associated with it.