The burden of chronic disease, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy in adults with Down syndrome.

Data on clinical characteristics of adults with Down syndrome (DS) are limited and the clinical phenotype of these persons is poorly described. This study aimed to describe the occurrence of chronic diseases and pattern of medication use in a population of adults with DS. Participants were 421 community dwelling adults with DS, aged 18 years or older. Individuals were assessed through a standardized clinical protocol. Multimorbidity was defined as the occurrence of two or more chronic conditions and polypharmacy as the concomitant use of five or more medications. The mean age of study participants was 38.3 ± 12.8 years and 214 (51%) were women. Three hundred and seventy-four participants (88.8%) presented with multimorbidity. The most prevalent condition was visual impairment (72.9%), followed by thyroid disease (50.1%) and hearing impairment (26.8%). Chronic diseases were more prevalent among participants aged >40 years. The mean number of medications used was 2.09 and polypharmacy was observed in 10.5% of the study sample. Psychotropic medications were used by a mean of 0.7 individuals of the total sample. The high prevalence of multimorbidity and the common use of multiple medications contributes to a high level of clinical complexity, which appears to be similar to the degree of complexity of the older non-trisomic population. A comprehensive and holistic approach, commonly adopted in geriatric medicine, may provide the most appropriate care to persons with DS as they grow into adulthood.