Intergenerational transmission of maternal overprotection and child anxiety in substance-using families.

The current study investigated an intergenerational transmission model between maternal overprotection and child anxiety across three generations, among a sample of substance-using women and their children. Participants included 183 mother-child pairs. Mothers reported overprotective behaviors of their own mothers, as well as their own anxiety symptoms and substance use at baseline. Mothers reported their adolescents' internalizing behaviors, and adolescents reported their mothers' overprotection, five times over 1.5 years. Growth curve models showed that overprotection among the first generation (G1) mothers was related to anxiety among the second generation (G2) mothers and sequentially the rate of change of overprotection among G2 mothers. Baseline overprotection among G2 mothers was related to baseline internalizing problems among the third generation (G3). More importantly, substance use among G2 mothers moderated the link between the rate of change in overprotection among G2 mothers and the rate of change in internalizing problems among G3 children. Findings uncover the intergenerational transmission model of overprotection-anxiety and shed light upon the complex relations among anxiety, substance use, and parenting in substance-using families.