Literature DB >> 32445395

The Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Chemical Biomarker Recovery from Mixed Chemical/Biological Threat Exposure Specimens.

Samantha L Isenberg1, Melissa D Carter1, Jonathan L Moon2, Sarah Laughlin3, Marla Petway2, Mike A Mojica1, Julia E Rood4, Alexis K Gursky3, Cody I Sheppard1, Dennis A Bagarozzi2, James L Pirkle1, Rudolph C Johnson1.   

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Irradiative sterilization of clinical specimens prior to chemical laboratory testing provides a way to not only sterilize pathogens and ensure laboratorian safety but also preserve sample volume and maintain compatibility with quantitative chemical diagnostic protocols. Since the compatibility of clinical biomarkers with gamma irradiation is not well characterized, a subset of diagnostic biomarkers ranging in molecular size, concentration, and clinical matrix was analyzed to determine recovery following gamma irradiation.
METHODS: Sample irradiation of previously characterized quality control materials (QCs) at 5 Mrad was carried out at the Gamma Cell Irradiation Facility at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, GA. Following irradiation, the QCs were analyzed alongside non-irradiated QCs to determine analyte recovery between dosed and control samples.
RESULTS: Biomarkers for exposure to abrin, ricin, and organophosphorus nerve agents (OPNAs) were analyzed for their stability following gamma irradiation. The diagnostic biomarkers included adducts to butyrylcholinesterase, abrine, and ricinine, respectively, and were recovered at over 90% of their initial concentration.
CONCLUSIONS: The results from this pilot study support the implementation of an irradiative sterilization protocol for possible mixed-exposure samples containing both chemical and biological threat agents (mixed CBTs). Furthermore, irradiative sterilization significantly reduces a laboratorian's risk of infection from exposure to an infectious agent without compromising chemical diagnostic testing integrity, particularly for diagnostic assays in which the chemical analyte has been shown to be fully conserved following a 5 Mrad irradiative dose. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry 2020. This work is written by US Government employees and is in the public domain in the US.

Entities:  

Keywords:  Gamma irradiation; irradiative sterilization; laboratory safety; mixed CBTs; mixed chemical/biological threats; pathogen inactivation; pathogen reduction

Mesh:

Substances:

Year:  2020        PMID: 32445395      PMCID: PMC9022197          DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfz022

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  J Appl Lab Med        ISSN: 2475-7241


  10 in total

1.  The safety of the blood supply--time to raise the bar.

Authors:  Edward L Snyder; Susan L Stramer; Richard J Benjamin
Journal:  N Engl J Med       Date:  2015-04-22       Impact factor: 91.245

Review 2.  Current methods for the reduction of blood-borne pathogens: a comprehensive literature review.

Authors:  Susanne M Picker
Journal:  Blood Transfus       Date:  2013-03-14       Impact factor: 3.443

Review 3.  Pathogen inactivation technologies for cellular blood components: an update.

Authors:  Peter Schlenke
Journal:  Transfus Med Hemother       Date:  2014-07-21       Impact factor: 3.747

4.  An enhanced butyrylcholinesterase method to measure organophosphorus nerve agent exposure in humans.

Authors:  Brooke G Pantazides; Caroline M Watson; Melissa D Carter; Brian S Crow; Jonas W Perez; Thomas A Blake; Jerry D Thomas; Rudolph C Johnson
Journal:  Anal Bioanal Chem       Date:  2014-03-07       Impact factor: 4.142

5.  Quantification of ricinine in rat and human urine: a biomarker for ricin exposure.

Authors:  Rudolph C Johnson; Sharon W Lemire; Adrian R Woolfitt; Maria Ospina; Kerry P Preston; Carl T Olson; John R Barr
Journal:  J Anal Toxicol       Date:  2005-04       Impact factor: 3.367

6.  Pharmacological evaluation of ricinine, a central nervous system stimulant isolated from Ricinus communis.

Authors:  A C Ferraz; M E Angelucci; M L Da Costa; I R Batista; B H De Oliveira; C Da Cunha
Journal:  Pharmacol Biochem Behav       Date:  1999-07       Impact factor: 3.533

7.  Quantification of L-abrine in human and rat urine: a biomarker for the toxin abrin.

Authors:  Rudolph C Johnson; Yingtao Zhou; Ram Jain; Sharon W Lemire; Shannon Fox; Pat Sabourin; John R Barr
Journal:  J Anal Toxicol       Date:  2009-03       Impact factor: 3.367

8.  A high-throughput UHPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of five aged butyrylcholinesterase biomarkers from human exposure to organophosphorus nerve agents.

Authors:  Leigh Ann Graham; Darryl Johnson; Melissa D Carter; Emily G Stout; Huseyin A Erol; Samantha L Isenberg; Thomas P Mathews; Jerry D Thomas; Rudolph C Johnson
Journal:  Biomed Chromatogr       Date:  2016-10-09       Impact factor: 1.902

9.  Quantification of Ricinine and Abrine in Human Plasma by HPLC-MS-MS: Biomarkers of Exposure to Ricin and Abrin.

Authors:  Samantha L Isenberg; Melissa D Carter; Michael A Miller; Aleksandra I Noras; Mike A Mojica; Sean T Carlsen; Chinthaka P Bulathsinghala; Jerry D Thomas; Rudolph C Johnson
Journal:  J Anal Toxicol       Date:  2018-11-01       Impact factor: 3.367

Review 10.  Chemical and biological mechanisms of pathogen reduction technologies.

Authors:  Janna M Mundt; Lindsay Rouse; Jeroen Van den Bossche; Raymond P Goodrich
Journal:  Photochem Photobiol       Date:  2014-08-20       Impact factor: 3.421

  10 in total

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