Risk of Bowel Obstruction in Patients with Mesenteric or Peritoneal Disease Receiving Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy.

Although radiation-induced mesenteritis or peritonitis can potentially exacerbate the risk of bowel obstruction, there are no data in the literature on the incidence of intestinal obstruction related to peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.
Methods: The records of all patients treated with 177Lu-DOTATATE at Moffitt Cancer Center between April 2018 and October 2019 were evaluated. The number of patients who developed bowel obstruction within 3 mo of a 177Lu-DOTATATE treatment was divided by the total number of patients with preexisting peritoneal or mesenteric disease. Management strategies and outcomes were evaluated.
Results: Of a total of 159 patients treated, 81 had baseline mesenteric or peritoneal disease, among whom 5 (6%) experienced at least 1 episode of bowel obstruction within 3 mo of treatment. Two of the patients underwent surgical exploration during obstruction describing a "frozen abdomen." All 5 responded at least temporarily to high-dose corticosteroid treatment and regained bowel function, but 2 patients eventually succumbed to progressive peritoneal disease.
Conclusion: Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy can lead to bowel obstruction in patients with mesenteric or peritoneal disease, likely by inducing inflammation. Corticosteroids can potentially play a role in treatment and prophylaxis.