Masoud Khorshidi1,2, Meysam Zarezadeh3, Omid Moradi Moghaddam4, Mohammad Reza Emami5, Hamed Kord-Varkaneh6, Seyed Mohammad Mousavi7, Shahab Alizadeh5, Javad Heshmati1, Beheshteh Olang2,8, Naheed Aryaeian9. 1. Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2. Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3. Nutrition Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 4. Trauma and Injury Research Center, Critical Care Medicine Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran. 6. Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 7. Department of Community Nutrition, Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran. 8. Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 9. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that evening primrose oil (EPO) supplementation might be effective in improving lipid profile, however, the results are inconsistent. This study was performed to determine the direction and magnitude of the EPO effect on the lipid profile. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science databases and Google Scholar were searched up to September-2019. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model. Lipid profile including high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was considered as the primary outcome. RESULTS: A total of 926 articles were identified through database searching, of which, six RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. There were six studies on HDL, TC, and TG and four studies on LDL. EPO supplementation had no significant effect on TC, TG, LDL, and HDL. However, in subgroup analysis, a significant reduction in TG at a dose of ≤4 g/day (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -37.28 mg/dl; 95% CI: -73.53 to -1.03, p = .044) and a significant increase in HDL in hyperlipidemic subjects (WMD = 5.468 mg/dl; 95% CI: 1.323 to 9.614, p = .010) was found. CONCLUSION: Oral intake of EPO at a dose of ≤4 g/day significantly reduces serum TG levels and significantly increases HDL levels in hyperlipidemic subjects.
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that evening primrose oil (EPO) supplementation might be effective in improving lipid profile, however, the results are inconsistent. This study was performed to determine the direction and magnitude of the EPO effect on the lipid profile. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science databases and Google Scholar were searched up to September-2019. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model. Lipid profile including high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was considered as the primary outcome. RESULTS: A total of 926 articles were identified through database searching, of which, six RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. There were six studies on HDL, TC, and TG and four studies on LDL. EPO supplementation had no significant effect on TC, TG, LDL, and HDL. However, in subgroup analysis, a significant reduction in TG at a dose of ≤4 g/day (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -37.28 mg/dl; 95% CI: -73.53 to -1.03, p = .044) and a significant increase in HDL in hyperlipidemic subjects (WMD = 5.468 mg/dl; 95% CI: 1.323 to 9.614, p = .010) was found. CONCLUSION: Oral intake of EPO at a dose of ≤4 g/day significantly reduces serum TG levels and significantly increases HDL levels in hyperlipidemic subjects.