Crystal structure of N'-[4-(di-methyl-amino)-benzyl-idene]furan-2-carbohydrazide monohydrate.

The condensation of 2-furoic hydrazide and 4-dimethyl amino-benzaldehyde in ethanol yielded a yellow solid formulated as the title compound, C14H15N3O2·H2O. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter-molecular O(water)-H⋯O,N(carbohydrazide) and N-H⋯O(water) hydrogen bonds, which form a two-dimensional network along the bc plane. Additional C-H⋯O inter-actions link the mol-ecules into a three-dimensional network. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the benzene and the furan ring is 34.47 (6)°. The carbohydrazide moiety, i.e., the C=N-N-C=O fragment and the benzene ring are almost coplanar, with an angle of 6.75 (9)° between their mean planes. © Sylla-Gueye et al. 2020.

Chemical context

Furan is a colorless toxic chemical produced in various food items during heat processing and in some industrial processes (Delatour et al., 2020 ▸; Rehman et al., 2019 ▸; Morehouse et al., 2018 ▸; Sirot et al., 2019 ▸). It has been reported that n class="Chemical">furan can induce oxidative stress, endocrine disruption and toxic effects on the reproductive system of male rats (Rehman et al., 2019 ▸). However, other studies have shown its ability to inhibit tyrosinase, which is an enzyme responsible for many skin disorders and diseases (Barros et al., 2019 ▸). Furan derivatives, such as hydrazides, are precursors for a large variety of compounds. For example, receptors for carboxyl­ates were prepared from furoic acid hydrazide (de la Torre et al., 1997 ▸). The biological activities of various furoic acid hydrazones have been evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Sriram et al., 2010 ▸), myelogenous leukemia cells (Silva et al., 2014 ▸) and for tyrosinase inhibition (Dige et al., 2019 ▸). Hydrazones of this type have also been used in the study of inter­actions of DNA with small organic or metal–organic mol­ecules to help the development of new drugs. Indeed, the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in the inter­action of DNA with these small mol­ecules makes it possible to develop models (Sathyadevi et al., 2012 ▸; Sennappan et al., 2019 ▸). In this paper, we report the synthesis and the characterization of the title compound, obtained from the condensation reaction between furoic acid hydrazide and 4-amino­benzaldehyde.

Structural commentary

The mol­ecular structure of the title compound (I) with the atomic-labeling scheme is shown in Fig. 1 ▸. The asymmetric unit of I contains one mol­ecule of the n class="Chemical">Schiff base ligand and one water mol­ecule. The mol­ecule adopts an E configuration with respect to the C9=N2 bond. The carbohydrazide moiety, C9=N2—N3—C10=O, is almost coplanar with the benzene ring, with an angle of 6.75 (9)° between their mean planes. The C10=O1 bond length [1.2392 (16) Å], which has double-bond character, shows that the compound did not undergo enolization as observed in some furoic hydrazide derivatives (Rodríguez-Argüelles et al., 2009 ▸). It exists only in the keto form. This form of the Schiff base is further confirmed by the N3—C10 [1.3383 (17) Å] and N2—N3 [1.3846 (14) Å] bond distances, which indicate that these are single bonds and by N2=C9 [1.2832 (17) Å], which is a double bond.

Figure 1

An ORTEP view of the title compound, showing the atom-numbering scheme and intra­molecular contacts. Displacement ellipsoids are plotted at the 50% probability level.

The O1 and N2 atoms are in a syn conformation with respect to the C10—n class="Chemical">N3 link [O1—C10—N3—N2 = −1.2 (2)°]. The dihedral angle between the benzene and the furan rings is 34.47 (6)°. The presence of the lattice water mol­ecule differentiates the title compound I from that reported by Li & Meng (2010 ▸). In our compound, the oxygen atom of the furan ring and the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group are in a syn orientation with respect to the C10—C11 bond [O1—C10—C11—O2 = −26.44 (19)°], similar to what was observed for the compound (E)-N ’-(2-hy­droxy­benzyl­idene)furan-2-carbohydrazide by Bikas et al. (2010 ▸). This is in contrast with most hydrazones from furan-2-carbohydrazide, including the anhydrous form of the title compound, which assume an anti conformation with respect to the link between the carbonyl atom and the C atom of the furan ring (Jiang, 2010 ▸; Li & Jian, 2010a ▸,b ▸,c ▸; Li & Meng, 2010 ▸).

Supra­molecular features

In the crystal, each independent water mol­ecule donates n class="Chemical">hydrogen bonds to the carbonyl oxygen atom of two ligand mol­ecules, forming a tetra­mer with (8) rings (Fig. 2 ▸, Table 1 ▸). One of the hydrogen bonds donated by water is bifurcated between two acceptors, O1 and N2. The structure is built up further around the water mol­ecules by N—H⋯Owater hydrogen bonds, thus producing layers parallel to the bc plane. Additional C—H⋯O inter­actions inter­connect the layers and consolidate the structure into a three-dimensional network (Fig. 3 ▸).

Figure 2

Rings and connections formed by O—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (dashed lines).

Table 1

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
O3—H3A⋯O1i	0.87	1.92	2.7844 (15)	170
O3—H3B⋯O1	0.87	2.12	2.9033 (12)	150
O3—H3B⋯N2	0.87	2.48	3.1681 (14)	137
N3—H3⋯O3ii	0.88	1.95	2.7996 (14)	162
C9—H9⋯O3ii	0.95	2.59	3.3724 (15)	140
C12—H12⋯O1iii	0.95	2.43	3.3687 (16)	170
C7—H7⋯O3	0.95	2.71	3.6295 (16)	164
C1—H1A⋯O3iv	0.98	2.55	3.4057 (17)	146

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) ; (iv) .

Figure 3

Crystal packing of the title compound, viewed along the b axis.

Database survey

Reflecting the inter­est in compounds similar to I, no fewer than 43 associated structures are included in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD version 5.40, last update November 2018; Groom et al., 2016 ▸). Of these, KABn class="Chemical">NOS (Li & Meng, 2010 ▸) has the most similar structure to the title compound, the only differences being the presence of the water mol­ecule and the rotation of the furan ring around the link between the carbonyl C atom and the C atom of the furan ring in the title compound (see Structural commentary). Several hydrazones hits are found with the fragment furan-2-carbohydrazide. The difference between them is the substitution of the aromatic ring by a variety of groups, such as NO2 for AZILOM (Wang & Tai, 2016 ▸), hydroxyl for CEDZIX (Mohanraj et al., 2016 ▸) and DUSZEX (Bikas et al., 2010 ▸), a CH3 group for DUTJOS (Li & Jian, 2010b ▸), a meth­oxy group for EMOMUP (Cui et al., 2010 ▸) or a halogen atom for GAQKEQ (Bikas et al., 2012 ▸). These kinds of Schiff bases were used for preparing complexes with transition-metal or lanthanide ions. The ligand acts in a bidentate or tridentate fashion, as reported in the literature [ABUKIU (Singh et al., 2017 ▸), DAZMEX (Haba et al., 2005 ▸), FIGMEO (Maurya et al., 2005 ▸), and VIVGOY (Alagesan et al., 2014 ▸)]. One organometallic palladium complex was found containing a metal–carbon bond in a six-membered ring (TAPXEQ; Qian et al., 2017 ▸). One hit corresponds to a calcium complex, in which only the carbonyl oxygen atom is coordinated to the calcium ion (YEDCIW; Tai & Wang, 2017 ▸).

Synthesis and crystallization

All purchased chemicals and solvents were of reagent grade and were used without further purification. The melting point was determined with a Büchi 570 melting-point apparatus and is uncorrected. To a mixture of 0.5 g (3.96 mmol) of 2-furoic hydrazide and 25 ml of n class="Chemical">ethanol were added a few drops of glacial acetic acid. A solution of 0.59 g (3.96 mmol) of 4-dimethyl amino­benzaldehyde in 25 ml of ethanol was added dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred at 323 K for 24 h. On cooling in an ice bath, a yellow solid appeared after a few minutes. The compound was filtered off, washed with water and diethyl ether, and dried at room temperature; 0.42 g of solid was obtained (yield: 37.96%). A small qu­antity was purified by recrystallization from a di­methyl­formamide solution and yellow single crystals suitable for XRD grew within a few weeks.

Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 2 ▸. All H atoms of the ligand were located by HFIX, positioned geometrically and allowed to ride on their respective parent atoms, with C—H = 0.95 Å (CarH), 0.98 Å (CH3) or 0.88 Å (n class="Chemical">NH). Both H atoms of the water mol­ecule were located in a difference-Fourier map, positioned geometrically and refined as a free rotating group with idealized geometry.

Table 2

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula	C14H15N3O2·H2O
M r	275.30
Crystal system, space group	Monoclinic, P21/c
Temperature (K)	100
a, b, c (Å)	12.9328 (5), 11.2551 (4), 9.8092 (3)
β (°)	106.245 (4)
V (Å3)	1370.82 (9)
Z	4
Radiation type	Mo Kα
μ (mm−1)	0.10
Crystal size (mm)	0.20 × 0.06 × 0.06
Data collection
Diffractometer	XtaLAB AFC12 (RCD3)
Absorption correction	Gaussian (CrysAlis PRO; Rigaku OD, 2019 ▸)
T min, T max	0.536, 1.000
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections	14982, 3102, 2649
R int	0.059
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1)	0.649
Refinement
R[F 2 > 2σ(F 2)], wR(F 2), S	0.048, 0.136, 1.06
No. of reflections	3102
No. of parameters	186
H-atom treatment	H-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3)	0.37, −0.35

Computer programs: CrysAlis PRO (Rigaku OD, 2019 ▸), SHELXT (Sheldrick, 2015a ▸), SHELXL (Sheldrick, 2015b ▸) and OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009 ▸).

Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S205698902000465X/fy2143sup1.cif

Structure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S205698902000465X/fy2143Isup2.hkl

Click here for additional data file.

Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S205698902000465X/fy2143Isup3.cml

CCDC reference: 1994610

Additional supporting information: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report

C14H15N3O2·H2O	F(000) = 584
Mr = 275.30	Dx = 1.334 Mg m−3
Monoclinic, P21/c	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71075 Å
a = 12.9328 (5) Å	Cell parameters from 7776 reflections
b = 11.2551 (4) Å	θ = 2.4–31.3°
c = 9.8092 (3) Å	µ = 0.10 mm−1
β = 106.245 (4)°	T = 100 K
V = 1370.82 (9) Å3	Block, yellow
Z = 4	0.20 × 0.06 × 0.06 mm

XtaLAB AFC12 (RCD3) diffractometer	3102 independent reflections
Radiation source: Rotating-anode X-ray tube, Rigaku (Mo) X-ray Source	2649 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Mirror monochromator	Rint = 0.059
Detector resolution: 10.0000 pixels mm-1	θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 2.4°
ω scans	h = −16→15
Absorption correction: gaussian (CrysAlis Pro; Rigaku OD, 2019)	k = −12→14
Tmin = 0.536, Tmax = 1.000	l = −12→12
14982 measured reflections

Refinement on F2	Primary atom site location: dual
Least-squares matrix: full	Hydrogen site location: mixed
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.048	H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F2) = 0.136	w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0786P)2 + 0.3872P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.06	(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
3102 reflections	Δρmax = 0.37 e Å−3
186 parameters	Δρmin = −0.35 e Å−3
0 restraints

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

	x	y	z	Uiso*/Ueq
O1	0.94791 (8)	0.57248 (8)	0.63770 (9)	0.0190 (2)
O3	0.86017 (8)	0.55049 (8)	0.33216 (9)	0.0176 (2)
H3A	0.915716	0.504655	0.340015	0.026*
H3B	0.867014	0.575836	0.417953	0.026*
O2	1.06257 (9)	0.57949 (9)	0.92208 (10)	0.0229 (3)
N2	0.81295 (9)	0.75421 (10)	0.52944 (11)	0.0157 (3)
N3	0.88775 (9)	0.75945 (10)	0.66155 (11)	0.0159 (3)
H3	0.893005	0.823175	0.715043	0.019*
N1	0.39936 (10)	0.87858 (10)	0.00561 (12)	0.0199 (3)
C9	0.74829 (11)	0.84311 (11)	0.50238 (13)	0.0159 (3)
H9	0.758000	0.905931	0.569470	0.019*
C11	1.02928 (11)	0.68189 (11)	0.84694 (13)	0.0154 (3)
C12	1.07767 (11)	0.77766 (12)	0.92134 (14)	0.0178 (3)
H12	1.068840	0.858404	0.892168	0.021*
C6	0.66077 (11)	0.85061 (11)	0.37235 (13)	0.0151 (3)
C3	0.48293 (11)	0.86842 (11)	0.12594 (13)	0.0148 (3)
C7	0.63960 (11)	0.76157 (11)	0.26809 (13)	0.0153 (3)
H7	0.685817	0.694446	0.280113	0.018*
C10	0.95190 (11)	0.66568 (11)	0.70625 (13)	0.0152 (3)
C8	0.55339 (11)	0.76949 (11)	0.14894 (13)	0.0153 (3)
H8	0.540804	0.707402	0.080663	0.018*
C4	0.50366 (11)	0.95729 (12)	0.23173 (13)	0.0173 (3)
H4	0.457358	1.024256	0.220967	0.021*
C5	0.59054 (11)	0.94761 (11)	0.35049 (13)	0.0174 (3)
H5	0.603117	1.008900	0.419786	0.021*
C13	1.14452 (12)	0.73294 (13)	1.05223 (14)	0.0213 (3)
H13	1.189178	0.778064	1.127900	0.026*
C1	0.32241 (11)	0.97532 (13)	−0.00914 (14)	0.0213 (3)
H1A	0.290556	0.973484	0.070497	0.032*
H1B	0.265496	0.966333	−0.098568	0.032*
H1C	0.359355	1.051331	−0.009268	0.032*
C14	1.13200 (12)	0.61440 (13)	1.04763 (14)	0.0240 (3)
H14	1.166921	0.561822	1.122047	0.029*
C2	0.37893 (12)	0.78798 (13)	−0.10364 (14)	0.0227 (3)
H2A	0.446986	0.764697	−0.121504	0.034*
H2B	0.329883	0.819423	−0.191193	0.034*
H2C	0.346096	0.718529	−0.072104	0.034*

	U11	U22	U33	U12	U13	U23
O1	0.0221 (6)	0.0142 (5)	0.0170 (5)	0.0019 (4)	−0.0008 (4)	−0.0029 (3)
O3	0.0184 (5)	0.0183 (5)	0.0142 (4)	0.0004 (4)	0.0014 (4)	0.0006 (3)
O2	0.0303 (6)	0.0168 (5)	0.0160 (5)	0.0017 (4)	−0.0030 (4)	0.0030 (3)
N2	0.0145 (6)	0.0170 (5)	0.0120 (5)	−0.0006 (4)	−0.0022 (4)	−0.0007 (4)
N3	0.0162 (6)	0.0155 (5)	0.0122 (5)	0.0013 (4)	−0.0022 (4)	−0.0032 (4)
N1	0.0179 (6)	0.0215 (6)	0.0159 (5)	0.0059 (4)	−0.0023 (4)	−0.0005 (4)
C9	0.0165 (7)	0.0154 (6)	0.0142 (6)	−0.0014 (5)	0.0015 (5)	−0.0011 (4)
C11	0.0145 (7)	0.0169 (6)	0.0136 (6)	0.0032 (5)	0.0016 (5)	0.0022 (4)
C12	0.0169 (7)	0.0157 (6)	0.0179 (6)	0.0029 (5)	0.0002 (5)	−0.0004 (5)
C6	0.0151 (7)	0.0150 (6)	0.0136 (6)	−0.0006 (5)	0.0016 (5)	0.0019 (4)
C3	0.0134 (7)	0.0169 (6)	0.0131 (6)	−0.0002 (5)	0.0023 (5)	0.0028 (4)
C7	0.0161 (7)	0.0135 (6)	0.0154 (6)	0.0017 (5)	0.0029 (5)	0.0024 (4)
C10	0.0153 (7)	0.0155 (6)	0.0137 (6)	−0.0014 (5)	0.0023 (5)	−0.0004 (4)
C8	0.0169 (7)	0.0144 (6)	0.0138 (6)	0.0004 (5)	0.0031 (5)	−0.0011 (4)
C4	0.0176 (7)	0.0145 (6)	0.0187 (6)	0.0037 (5)	0.0031 (5)	0.0023 (5)
C5	0.0196 (7)	0.0140 (6)	0.0167 (6)	0.0004 (5)	0.0018 (5)	−0.0019 (4)
C13	0.0187 (7)	0.0247 (7)	0.0167 (6)	0.0029 (5)	−0.0017 (5)	−0.0025 (5)
C1	0.0168 (7)	0.0230 (7)	0.0213 (7)	0.0059 (5)	0.0009 (5)	0.0033 (5)
C14	0.0274 (8)	0.0249 (7)	0.0143 (6)	0.0045 (6)	−0.0028 (5)	0.0025 (5)
C2	0.0210 (8)	0.0241 (7)	0.0181 (6)	0.0018 (5)	−0.0026 (5)	−0.0015 (5)

O1—C10	1.2392 (16)	C6—C5	1.3979 (18)
O3—H3A	0.8701	C3—C8	1.4163 (18)
O3—H3B	0.8694	C3—C4	1.4120 (18)
O2—C11	1.3709 (15)	C7—H7	0.9500
O2—C14	1.3633 (16)	C7—C8	1.3740 (17)
N2—N3	1.3846 (14)	C8—H8	0.9500
N2—C9	1.2832 (17)	C4—H4	0.9500
N3—H3	0.8800	C4—C5	1.3780 (18)
N3—C10	1.3383 (17)	C5—H5	0.9500
N1—C3	1.3641 (16)	C13—H13	0.9500
N1—C1	1.4547 (17)	C13—C14	1.343 (2)
N1—C2	1.4491 (17)	C1—H1A	0.9800
C9—H9	0.9500	C1—H1B	0.9800
C9—C6	1.4517 (17)	C1—H1C	0.9800
C11—C12	1.3530 (18)	C14—H14	0.9500
C11—C10	1.4720 (17)	C2—H2A	0.9800
C12—H12	0.9500	C2—H2B	0.9800
C12—C13	1.4242 (18)	C2—H2C	0.9800
C6—C7	1.4030 (18)
H3A—O3—H3B	104.5	N3—C10—C11	113.95 (11)
C14—O2—C11	105.77 (10)	C3—C8—H8	119.4
C9—N2—N3	113.86 (10)	C7—C8—C3	121.29 (11)
N2—N3—H3	120.7	C7—C8—H8	119.4
C10—N3—N2	118.67 (10)	C3—C4—H4	119.7
C10—N3—H3	120.7	C5—C4—C3	120.50 (12)
C3—N1—C1	120.22 (11)	C5—C4—H4	119.7
C3—N1—C2	121.15 (11)	C6—C5—H5	118.9
C2—N1—C1	118.37 (11)	C4—C5—C6	122.18 (12)
N2—C9—H9	119.0	C4—C5—H5	118.9
N2—C9—C6	121.99 (11)	C12—C13—H13	126.8
C6—C9—H9	119.0	C14—C13—C12	106.48 (12)
O2—C11—C10	115.39 (11)	C14—C13—H13	126.8
C12—C11—O2	110.58 (11)	N1—C1—H1A	109.5
C12—C11—C10	134.03 (11)	N1—C1—H1B	109.5
C11—C12—H12	127.0	N1—C1—H1C	109.5
C11—C12—C13	106.10 (12)	H1A—C1—H1B	109.5
C13—C12—H12	127.0	H1A—C1—H1C	109.5
C7—C6—C9	122.97 (12)	H1B—C1—H1C	109.5
C5—C6—C9	119.58 (11)	O2—C14—H14	124.5
C5—C6—C7	117.39 (12)	C13—C14—O2	111.06 (12)
N1—C3—C8	121.51 (11)	C13—C14—H14	124.5
N1—C3—C4	121.20 (12)	N1—C2—H2A	109.5
C4—C3—C8	117.28 (12)	N1—C2—H2B	109.5
C6—C7—H7	119.3	N1—C2—H2C	109.5
C8—C7—C6	121.34 (12)	H2A—C2—H2B	109.5
C8—C7—H7	119.3	H2A—C2—H2C	109.5
O1—C10—N3	124.19 (12)	H2B—C2—H2C	109.5
O1—C10—C11	121.86 (11)
O2—C11—C12—C13	−0.78 (16)	C12—C11—C10—N3	−27.5 (2)
O2—C11—C10—O1	−26.44 (19)	C12—C13—C14—O2	0.68 (18)
O2—C11—C10—N3	153.34 (12)	C6—C7—C8—C3	0.6 (2)
N2—N3—C10—O1	−1.2 (2)	C3—C4—C5—C6	−0.5 (2)
N2—N3—C10—C11	179.07 (11)	C7—C6—C5—C4	−0.2 (2)
N2—C9—C6—C7	0.7 (2)	C10—C11—C12—C13	179.99 (15)
N2—C9—C6—C5	177.86 (13)	C8—C3—C4—C5	1.20 (19)
N3—N2—C9—C6	−176.75 (11)	C4—C3—C8—C7	−1.24 (19)
N1—C3—C8—C7	177.79 (12)	C5—C6—C7—C8	0.16 (19)
N1—C3—C4—C5	−177.83 (12)	C1—N1—C3—C8	174.21 (12)
C9—N2—N3—C10	173.35 (12)	C1—N1—C3—C4	−6.80 (19)
C9—C6—C7—C8	177.35 (12)	C14—O2—C11—C12	1.18 (16)
C9—C6—C5—C4	−177.48 (12)	C14—O2—C11—C10	−179.43 (12)
C11—O2—C14—C13	−1.14 (17)	C2—N1—C3—C8	0.3 (2)
C11—C12—C13—C14	0.07 (17)	C2—N1—C3—C4	179.28 (13)
C12—C11—C10—O1	152.75 (15)

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
O3—H3A···O1i	0.87	1.92	2.7844 (15)	170
O3—H3B···O1	0.87	2.12	2.9033 (12)	150
O3—H3B···N2	0.87	2.48	3.1681 (14)	137
N3—H3···O3ii	0.88	1.95	2.7996 (14)	162
C9—H9···O3ii	0.95	2.59	3.3724 (15)	140
C12—H12···O1iii	0.95	2.43	3.3687 (16)	170
C7—H7···O3	0.95	2.71	3.6295 (16)	164
C1—H1A···O3iv	0.98	2.55	3.4057 (17)	146