Aluisio Andrade-Lima1, Natan da Silva Junior, Marcel Chehuen, Roberto Miyasato, Rodrigo W A Souza, Anthony S Leicht, Patricia C Brum, Edilamar M de Oliveira, Nelson Wolosker, Claudia L M Forjaz. 1. Aluisio Andrade-Lima, PhD Postdoctoral Researcher, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Natan da Silva Junior, PhD Postdoctoral Researcher, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Marcel Chehuen, PhD Postdoctoral Researcher, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Roberto Miyasato, MsC MsC Student, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Rodrigo W.A. Souza, PhD Postdoctoral Researcher, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Anthony S. Leicht, PhD, Associate Professor, Sport & Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia. Patricia C. Brum, PhD Associate Professor, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Edilamar M. de Oliveira, PhD Associate Professor, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Nelson Wolosker, PhD Associate Professor, Albert Einstein Israelite Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil. Claudia L.M. Forjaz, PhD Associate Professor, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a single bout of maximal walking on blood and muscle nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, oxidative stress, and inflammation in symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients. METHODS: A total of 35 men with symptomatic PAD performed a graded maximal exercise test on a treadmill (3.2 km/h, 2% increase in grade every 2 minutes). Plasma samples and gastrocnemius muscle biopsies were collected preexercise and postexercise for assessment of NO bioavailability (plasma NO and muscle, endothelial NO synthase), oxidative stress and antioxidant function (lipid peroxidation [LPO], catalase [CAT], and superoxide dismutase), and inflammation (interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, intercellular adhesion molecules, and vascular adhesion molecules). The effects of the walking exercise were assessed using paired t tests or Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS: After maximal walking, plasma NO and LPO were unchanged (P > .05), plasma CAT decreased, and all blood inflammatory markers increased (all P ≤ .05). In the disease-affected skeletal muscle, endothelial NO synthase, CAT, LPO, and all inflammatory markers increased, whereas superoxide dismutase decreased (all P ≤ .05). CONCLUSION: In patients with symptomatic PAD, maximal exercise induces local and systemic impairments, which may play a key role in atherogenesis. Exercise strategies that avoid maximal effort may be important to reduce local and systemic damage and enhance clinical benefits.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a single bout of maximal walking on blood and muscle nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, oxidative stress, and inflammation in symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients. METHODS: A total of 35 men with symptomatic PAD performed a graded maximal exercise test on a treadmill (3.2 km/h, 2% increase in grade every 2 minutes). Plasma samples and gastrocnemius muscle biopsies were collected preexercise and postexercise for assessment of NO bioavailability (plasma NO and muscle, endothelial NO synthase), oxidative stress and antioxidant function (lipid peroxidation [LPO], catalase [CAT], and superoxide dismutase), and inflammation (interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, intercellular adhesion molecules, and vascular adhesion molecules). The effects of the walking exercise were assessed using paired t tests or Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS: After maximal walking, plasma NO and LPO were unchanged (P > .05), plasma CAT decreased, and all blood inflammatory markers increased (all P ≤ .05). In the disease-affected skeletal muscle, endothelial NO synthase, CAT, LPO, and all inflammatory markers increased, whereas superoxide dismutase decreased (all P ≤ .05). CONCLUSION: In patients with symptomatic PAD, maximal exercise induces local and systemic impairments, which may play a key role in atherogenesis. Exercise strategies that avoid maximal effort may be important to reduce local and systemic damage and enhance clinical benefits.