Uriel Alfaro-Gomez1, Luis Donaldo Fuentes-Ramirez1, Karla Ivonne Chavez-Blanco2, Jose Felix Vilchez-Cavazos3, Matthew J Zdilla4,5,6, Rodrigo E Elizondo-Omana1, Jesus Dante Guerra-Leal2, Guillermo Elizondo-Riojas2, Ricardo Pinales-Razo2, Santos Guzman-Lopez1, Alejandro Quiroga-Garza7. 1. Human Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Ave. Madero y Dr. Aguirre Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro, CP. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. 2. Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. 3. Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. 4. Department of Biological Sciences, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV, USA. 5. Department of Graduate Health Sciences, West Liberty University, West Liberty, WV, USA. 6. Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA. 7. Human Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Ave. Madero y Dr. Aguirre Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro, CP. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. dr.aquirogag@gmail.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The acromial and coracoid process morphology is of clinical relevance due to associations with functional limitations and shoulder pathology. Our objective was to describe the anatomical characteristics of the acromial and coracoid process using computed tomography (CT). METHODS: Descriptive, observational, transversal and retrospective study. A total of 155 CT of patients without shoulder pathology, of both genders, and indistinct age were evaluated and grouped by age: Group 1 < 25 years; group 2 25-40 years; group 3 > 40 years. The following parameters were evaluated: Acromial type (AcT), vertical coracoid distance (VCD), acromial tilt (AT), acromial projection (AP), critical shoulder angle (CSA), type of the subcoracoid outlet (TSO), and the area of the subcoracoid outlet (ASO). RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found between men and women for VCD (14.44 ± 4.79 vs. 11.76 ± 4.00 mm; p < 0.001) and AP (3.66 ± 4.71 vs. 1.62 ± 4.99 mm; p < 0.05) as well as between age groups 1 and 3 for AT (35.08 ± 11.53 vs. 28.41 ± 6.60; p < 0.05) and ASO (398.99 ± 153.91 vs. 255.56 ± 124.58 mm2; p < 0.001). An unexpected high ASO variation was identified with 11% of S-shaped acromion and 1.3% clock-shaped TSO. CONCLUSION: The age group between 25-40 years had the most uniform distribution of data. There is a high morphological variability present in an asymptomatic population, which should be considered in the clinical assessment such as shoulder impingement syndrome.
PURPOSE: The acromial and coracoid process morphology is of clinical relevance due to associations with functional limitations and shoulder pathology. Our objective was to describe the anatomical characteristics of the acromial and coracoid process using computed tomography (CT). METHODS: Descriptive, observational, transversal and retrospective study. A total of 155 CT of patients without shoulder pathology, of both genders, and indistinct age were evaluated and grouped by age: Group 1 < 25 years; group 2 25-40 years; group 3 > 40 years. The following parameters were evaluated: Acromial type (AcT), vertical coracoid distance (VCD), acromial tilt (AT), acromial projection (AP), critical shoulder angle (CSA), type of the subcoracoid outlet (TSO), and the area of the subcoracoid outlet (ASO). RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found between men and women for VCD (14.44 ± 4.79 vs. 11.76 ± 4.00 mm; p < 0.001) and AP (3.66 ± 4.71 vs. 1.62 ± 4.99 mm; p < 0.05) as well as between age groups 1 and 3 for AT (35.08 ± 11.53 vs. 28.41 ± 6.60; p < 0.05) and ASO (398.99 ± 153.91 vs. 255.56 ± 124.58 mm2; p < 0.001). An unexpected high ASO variation was identified with 11% of S-shaped acromion and 1.3% clock-shaped TSO. CONCLUSION: The age group between 25-40 years had the most uniform distribution of data. There is a high morphological variability present in an asymptomatic population, which should be considered in the clinical assessment such as shoulder impingement syndrome.
Entities:
Keywords:
Acromion process; Anatomical variations; Coracoid process; Ideal control group