Ivar Ellingsen1, Ove Fondenes2, Britt Øverland3, Nils Henrik Holmedahl4. 1. LHL-sykehuset, Ragnar Strømsv. 10, 2067, Jessheim, Norway. raivell@online.no. 2. Norwegian National Centre of Excellence in Home Mechanical Ventilation, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. 3. ENT Department, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway. 4. LHL-sykehuset, Ragnar Strømsv. 10, 2067, Jessheim, Norway.
Abstract
PURPOSE: An increase in PaCO2 is the element that defines sleep hypoventilation (SH). We queried if patients with SH, and those with PaCO2 increases during sleep for shorter time periods than SH (shamSH) differed from the patients without SH (noSH) in other ways. METHODS: This was a retrospective re-analysis of data from 100 stable inpatients with COPD with and without chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. COPD was defined by criteria of the Global initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). For this study, SH was defined by an increase in PaCO2 ≥ 1.33 kPa to a value exceeding 6.7 kPa for ≥ 10 min (≥ 20 epochs of 30 s). Patients fulfilling the increase in PaCO2 for less than 10 min (1-19 epochs) were designated shamSH. All patients had daytime arterial blood gases, lung function tests, and polysomnography (PSG) with transcutaneous CO2 (PtcCO2). RESULTS: Of 100 patients, 25 had PtcCO2 increase ≥ 1.33 kPa. One never exceeded 6.7 kPa, 15 had SH, and 9 shamSH. SH and shamSH patients had extra CO2 load (= PtcCO2*time) both during and between the SH periods compared to the noSH group, the SH group more than the shamSH group. CONCLUSION: Using CO2 load as a measure of severity of sleep hypoventilation, SH patients have worse hypoventilation than the shamSH. Both shamSH and SH groups have extra CO2 load during and between SH periods, indicating that the SH/shamSH patients may represent a separate group of true hypoventilators during sleep.
PURPOSE: An increase in PaCO2 is the element that defines sleep hypoventilation (SH). We queried if patients with SH, and those with PaCO2 increases during sleep for shorter time periods than SH (shamSH) differed from the patients without SH (noSH) in other ways. METHODS: This was a retrospective re-analysis of data from 100 stable inpatients with COPD with and without chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. COPD was defined by criteria of the Global initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). For this study, SH was defined by an increase in PaCO2 ≥ 1.33 kPa to a value exceeding 6.7 kPa for ≥ 10 min (≥ 20 epochs of 30 s). Patients fulfilling the increase in PaCO2 for less than 10 min (1-19 epochs) were designated shamSH. All patients had daytime arterial blood gases, lung function tests, and polysomnography (PSG) with transcutaneous CO2 (PtcCO2). RESULTS: Of 100 patients, 25 had PtcCO2 increase ≥ 1.33 kPa. One never exceeded 6.7 kPa, 15 had SH, and 9 shamSH. SH and shamSH patients had extra CO2 load (= PtcCO2*time) both during and between the SH periods compared to the noSH group, the SH group more than the shamSH group. CONCLUSION: Using CO2 load as a measure of severity of sleep hypoventilation, SH patients have worse hypoventilation than the shamSH. Both shamSH and SH groups have extra CO2 load during and between SH periods, indicating that the SH/shamSH patients may represent a separate group of true hypoventilators during sleep.
Authors: Richard B Berry; Rohit Budhiraja; Daniel J Gottlieb; David Gozal; Conrad Iber; Vishesh K Kapur; Carole L Marcus; Reena Mehra; Sairam Parthasarathy; Stuart F Quan; Susan Redline; Kingman P Strohl; Sally L Davidson Ward; Michelle M Tangredi Journal: J Clin Sleep Med Date: 2012-10-15 Impact factor: 4.062
Authors: Nils Henrik Holmedahl; Britt Øverland; Ove Fondenes; Ivar Ellingsen; Jon Andrew Hardie Journal: Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis Date: 2014-02-27
Authors: Jonathan P Wisor; Nils Henrik Holmedahl; Ingvild West Saxvig; Odd-Magne Fjeldstad; Eddie Weitzberg; Janne Grønli; Harald Kåre Engan Journal: Nat Sci Sleep Date: 2021-03-25