Tissue engineering applications in breast cancer.

In Iran, breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer among women. The standard treatment for this cancer is partial or total removal of breast tissue, followed by chemotherapy and radiation. Tissue engineering (TE) has made new treatments for tissue loss in these patients by creating functional substitutes in the laboratory. In addition, cancer biology combined with TE provides a new strategy for evaluation of anti-BC therapy. Several innovations in TE have led to the design of scaffold or matrix based culture systems that more closely mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM). Currently, engineered three-dimensional (3D) cultures are being developed for modelling of the tumour microenvironment. These 3D cultures fulfil the need for in vitro approaches that allow an accurate study of the molecular mechanisms and a better analysis of the drugs effect. In the present study, we review recent developments in utilising of TE in BC. Moreover, this review describes achievements of Iranian researchers in the field of breast TE.