Elnaz Yousefian Rad1, Masoud Homayouni Tabrizi1, Pouran Ardalan2, Seyed Mohammad Reza Seyedi3,4, Samira Yadamani1, Parisa Zamani-Esmati1, Nastaran Haghani Sereshkeh5. 1. Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran. 2. Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran. 3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 4. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 5. Department of English, Mashhad Branch, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran.
Abstract
Aims: Citrus lemon essential oil (CLEO) has been introduced as a strong antioxidant mixture. However, it is not efficient enough due to its hydrophobic nature. Nanoemulsions improve the drugs' bio-compatibility in aqueous conditions. Methods: The CLEO nanoemulsion (CLEO-NE) was formulated by ultrasound-based-emulsification and they were characterised. The anti-angiogenic and antioxidant activities were studied by the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and antioxidant (ABTS and DPPH) assays, respectively. Finally, the apoptotic property of CLEO-NE on both HFF and A549 was evaluated by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and real time-PCR (measuring Cas-3 gene expression). Results: The 30.2-nm CLEO-NE droplets significantly increased Cas-3 in A549 cells and decreased angiogenesis in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (p < 0.01). Conclusion: In conclusion, CLEO-NE has the potential to be used as a safe cell-depended anticancer agent for human lung cancer. However, further genes and cell lines have to be studied to clarify its targeted-anticancer activity.
Aims: Citrus lemon essential oil (CLEO) has been introduced as a strong antioxidant mixture. However, it is not efficient enough due to its hydrophobic nature. Nanoemulsions improve the drugs' bio-compatibility in aqueous conditions. Methods: The CLEO nanoemulsion (CLEO-NE) was formulated by ultrasound-based-emulsification and they were characterised. The anti-angiogenic and antioxidant activities were studied by the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and antioxidant (ABTS and DPPH) assays, respectively. Finally, the apoptotic property of CLEO-NE on both HFF and A549 was evaluated by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and real time-PCR (measuring Cas-3 gene expression). Results: The 30.2-nm CLEO-NE droplets significantly increased Cas-3 in A549 cells and decreased angiogenesis in chickembryo chorioallantoic membrane (p < 0.01). Conclusion: In conclusion, CLEO-NE has the potential to be used as a safe cell-depended anticancer agent for humanlung cancer. However, further genes and cell lines have to be studied to clarify its targeted-anticancer activity.