Michael F Mendoza1, Sergey M Kachur, Carl J Lavie. 1. Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The obesity epidemic is progressively affecting majority of individuals worldwide leading to many adverse metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes. Increasingly concerning among them is obesity hypertension (HTN). In this review, we delve into the physiology and therapeutic options in obesity HTN as we discuss the implications of obesity HTN on society. RECENT FINDINGS: Obesity is the most common cause of primary HTN and is directly proportional to increases BMI. The significance of adiposity in obesity HTN centers on humoral mechanisms via stimulation of the renal-angiotensin system, leptin activity, sympathetic overdrive, and proinflammatory processes that potentiate vascular remodeling, which results in a higher incidence of the progression of many known serious cardiovascular diseases. Although lifestyle and medical therapies have been recommended for obesity and its sequelae, continued global progression of this disease has driven the development of newer therapies such as carotid baroreflex activation therapy, renal denervation, and selective leptin receptor antagonism. SUMMARY: The pathophysiology of obesity HTN has not yet been fully elucidated despite it being one of the oldest known diseases to mankind. Major efforts to understand obesity HTN endures, paving opportunities for newer and possibly superior therapeutic options.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The obesity epidemic is progressively affecting majority of individuals worldwide leading to many adverse metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes. Increasingly concerning among them is obesity hypertension (HTN). In this review, we delve into the physiology and therapeutic options in obesity HTN as we discuss the implications of obesity HTN on society. RECENT FINDINGS:Obesity is the most common cause of primary HTN and is directly proportional to increases BMI. The significance of adiposity in obesity HTN centers on humoral mechanisms via stimulation of the renal-angiotensin system, leptin activity, sympathetic overdrive, and proinflammatory processes that potentiate vascular remodeling, which results in a higher incidence of the progression of many known serious cardiovascular diseases. Although lifestyle and medical therapies have been recommended for obesity and its sequelae, continued global progression of this disease has driven the development of newer therapies such as carotid baroreflex activation therapy, renal denervation, and selective leptin receptor antagonism. SUMMARY: The pathophysiology of obesity HTN has not yet been fully elucidated despite it being one of the oldest known diseases to mankind. Major efforts to understand obesity HTN endures, paving opportunities for newer and possibly superior therapeutic options.