Lara Franziska Stolzenbach1,2, Giuseppe Rosiello2,3, Marina Deuker2,4, Claudia Collà-Ruvolo2,5, Luigi Nocera2,3, Zhe Tian2, Derya Tilki1, Alberto Briganti3, Fred Saad2, Felix K H Chun4, Markus Graefen1, Pierre I Karakiewicz2. 1. Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. 2. Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 3. Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. 4. Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 5. Department of Urology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Our objective was to investigate the effect of race and age on the distribution of prostate cancer (PCa) metastases. METHODS: Patients with metastatic PCa were abstracted from the National Inpatient Sample database (2008-2015). RESULTS: Of 6,963 patients with metastatic PCa, 3,881 (72.2%) were Caucasians and 1,494 (27.8%) were African-Americans (AA). Bone metastases were the commonest site of metastases in Caucasians and AAs (83.9 vs 87.0%), followed by distant lymph node metastases in Caucasians (13.9% of Caucasians vs 13.2% of AAs), liver metastases in AAs (13.8% of AAs vs 13.3% of Caucasians) and lung metastases in both Caucasians and AAs (9.3 vs 13.1%), respectively. No clinically meaningful differences were recorded in age and race analyses, except for lymph node metastases (61.1 to 23.4% in Caucasians vs 39.0 to 25.1% in AAs), which decreased with age. Specific single organ metastatic sites, outside of bone and lymph nodes, were low in both racial groups (≤2.1%). The rate of brain metastases was also rare in both racial groups ≤1.4%, regardless of other metastatic locations. Thoracic metastases, in absence of bone and abdominal metastases were present in 1.9% of Caucasians and AAs. CONCLUSION: The most important finding according to age and race resided in rates of lymph node metastases. Conversely, all other racial and age-related differences were subtle. Nonetheless, they are important in the context of planning and/or design of clinical trials. Finally, brain (1.4%) and thoracic (1.9%) metastases affect few patients and routine brain and chest imaging may not be warranted.
BACKGROUND: Our objective was to investigate the effect of race and age on the distribution of prostate cancer (PCa) metastases. METHODS:Patients with metastatic PCa were abstracted from the National Inpatient Sample database (2008-2015). RESULTS: Of 6,963 patients with metastatic PCa, 3,881 (72.2%) were Caucasians and 1,494 (27.8%) were African-Americans (AA). Bone metastases were the commonest site of metastases in Caucasians and AAs (83.9 vs 87.0%), followed by distant lymph node metastases in Caucasians (13.9% of Caucasians vs 13.2% of AAs), liver metastases in AAs (13.8% of AAs vs 13.3% of Caucasians) and lung metastases in both Caucasians and AAs (9.3 vs 13.1%), respectively. No clinically meaningful differences were recorded in age and race analyses, except for lymph node metastases (61.1 to 23.4% in Caucasians vs 39.0 to 25.1% in AAs), which decreased with age. Specific single organ metastatic sites, outside of bone and lymph nodes, were low in both racial groups (≤2.1%). The rate of brain metastases was also rare in both racial groups ≤1.4%, regardless of other metastatic locations. Thoracic metastases, in absence of bone and abdominal metastases were present in 1.9% of Caucasians and AAs. CONCLUSION: The most important finding according to age and race resided in rates of lymph node metastases. Conversely, all other racial and age-related differences were subtle. Nonetheless, they are important in the context of planning and/or design of clinical trials. Finally, brain (1.4%) and thoracic (1.9%) metastases affect few patients and routine brain and chest imaging may not be warranted.
Entities:
Keywords:
African-American; National Inpatient Sample database; advanced prostate cancer; epidemiology; location of disease; prostate cancer
Authors: Giuseppe Rosiello; Carlotta Palumbo; Marina Deuker; Lara Franziska Stolzenbach; Thomas Martin; Zhe Tian; Andrea Gallina; Francesco Montorsi; Peter Black; Wassim Kassouf; Shahrokh F Shariat; Fred Saad; Alberto Briganti; Pierre I Karakiewicz Journal: Cent European J Urol Date: 2020-10-31
Authors: Christoph Würnschimmel; Mike Wenzel; Claudia Collà Ruvolo; Luigi Nocera; Zhe Tian; Fred Saad; Alberto Briganti; Shahrokh F Shariat; Philipp Mandel; Felix K H Chun; Derya Tilki; Markus Graefen; Pierre I Karakiewicz Journal: World J Urol Date: 2021-05-12 Impact factor: 4.226